Cydia pomonella

Written by: Elizabeth Garofalo, UMass Amherst

Content adapted from MyIPM/Bugwood Apps

Overview

Codling Moth was introduced to North America by European settlers and has since become an established pest in all pear producing regions of the United States and Canada. Larvae cause two types of fruit damage; deep entry, where larvae burrow down into the core of the fruit, pushing frass out as they go and shallow entry where feeding may also occur but no tunneling is present. Both forms of damage render fruit unmarketable. Second generation larvae cause the most damage.   

Biology

The adult codling moth is gray-brown with alternating lighter gray and white bands across the wings. The wings are marked at the back end by a coppery area that helps distinguish codling moth from other similar moths. Newly hatched larvae are small, the black head is twice the width of its pale yellow body at this stage. Mature larvae are pinkish-white with a brown head. Codling moth overwinters as a later stage larva. Pupation occurs during bloom. First adults emerge at 150DD, base 50 ℉. when counting from January 1. Warmer spring temperatures can accelerate the growth of codling moth, leading to earlier developmental milestones (like egg laying and hatching). Females can lay up to 100 eggs. Early season eggs are generally laid on leaves whereas later generations are usually laid on fruit.  There can be anywhere from one to four generations.      

Monitoring

Pheromone traps should be hung at bloom, on the north side of the tree at eye level. Hang traps in the orchard where moths are most likely to enter from alternate host sites. Check traps at least once weekly. First insecticide applications should be made ~ 250DD (base 50) after sustained catches in pheromone traps. First insecticide applications for second-generation should be made at about 1,400 DD to 1,600 DD, using the same biofix as previous spray timing.

Management

Non-Chemical Control: Remove abandoned orchards and other alternate hosts, where practicable. Trunk banding can be a useful method of reducing codling moth pressure. Cardboard wrapped around trunks before larvae move to cocooning sites will cause them to pupate on the cardboard, which is subsequently removed and destroyed prior to adult emergence. Hot water treatment of storage bins can destroy a number of the overwintering larvae. Mating disruption and Surround are also effective non-chemical control methods.

Chemical control: Many insecticides are effective against codling moth when applied at the right timing and insect development stage. Resistance to organophosphates, however, has been documented in some regions of Washington and Oregon and is likely in other regions/orchards where codling moth is a problem.

Written by:  Elizabeth Garofalo

Overview

Pear pyslla Cacopsylla pyricola is one of the more problematic insect pests of pear. It is widely distributed, has several generations and life stages, has an unusual ability to develop chemical control resistance, and where left unchecked, secretes copious amounts of honeydew that grows a black fungus making fruit unmarketable. Heavy infestation can also result in tree stunting (psylla shock), reduced fruit set and size, and even death with prolonged infestation.

Biology

Adults are dark red-brown in color, with four wings folded like a pup tent over the back. Nymphs have five stages, beginning as yellow wingless 3 mm. long when newly hatched, turning darker, and then finally with fifth-instar have wing pads. Adults hatch from overwintering in bark crevices and under bark in the early spring on sunny days when temperature rises above 50 degrees F. Most eggs are laid by bud break. Eggs hatch by petal fall and nymphs move to axils of leaf petioles and stems. They suck on sap which is changed to honeydew and given off as droplets which surround the nymph. Nymphs go through five immature stages and there are three generations per season!

Monitoring

Look for pear psylla adults on the first nice sunny day of spring before bud break. They can also be monitored using yellow sticky traps. The summer treatment threshold for pear psylla is one psylla nymph/three leaves.

Management 

Start with oil sprays in early spring, which deter egg laying. Then beginning at bud break use insecticides with good-excellent efficacy against pear psylla. Focus on early season management to keep psylla from becoming a season-long problem. Pyrethroids (Asana, Brigade, Danitol, Warrior) are good choices early unless resistance is suspected. Esteem, an IGR, has to be applied at the white bud stage then again at petal fall. 14-days after petal fall, Agri-Mek plus oil should give season-long control. Neonics (Admire, Actara, Clutch, Assail), Proclaim, and Portal require two or more applications for adequate control. Centaur and Movento, when applied at the correct timing (nymph hatch), give good control of psylla. Neem compounds ( Aza-Direct and Ecozin 3% EC) require multiple applications to suppress pear psylla. And Surround is effective to deter egg laying by adults and nymph feeding, but multiple applications and complete coverage are necessary.

Pear psylla has become quite resistant to conventional insecticides (pyrethroids). Difficulty controlling psylla with these indicates you have a resistance issue, and you need to try some of the newer chemistries/registrations. Be sure to rotate active ingredients to prevent/delay resistance development. Oil and Surround are good applications too because resistance won’t develop.

Avoid excessive, succulent shoot growth by cutting back on pruning and nitrogen fertilization. Prune after bloom if possible. Summer prune to remove water sprouts.

For an excellent discussion on pear psylla management, see The Jentsch Lab: https://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch/?s=psylla

Adapted from ‘Common Tree Fruit Pests,’ Angus Howitt, Michigan State University, 1993 and 

Extension Bulletin E154 “2015 Michigan Fruit Management Guide for Commercial Fruit Growers” https://shop.msu.edu/product_p/bulletin-e0154.htm

Insecticides

Oil | Lime sulfur | Surround | Abba | Actara | Admire Pro | Agri-Flex | Agri-Mek SC | Agri-Mek EC | Assail |Belay | Centaur | Delegate | Endigo | Esteem | Exirel | Gladiator| Leverage | Movento | Nexter | Portal | Proclaim | Rimon | Voliam Flexi | Voliam Xpress

Conotrachelus nenuphar

Written by:  Elizabeth Garofalo, UMass Amherst

Content adapted from MyIPM/Bugwood Apps

Overview

Plum curculio (PC) has time and again been identified by pome fruit growers as one of the single most destructive insect pests in the orchard. There are four types of wounds caused by PC, however, oviposition is the most recognizable of these. When the female lays her eggs, she sweeps her ovipositor in an arc along the surface of the fruit. This motion causes the distinctive “half moon” scar. When an egg hatches, the larvae tunnel into fruitlets, begin to feed, and the fruitlet will generally drop to the ground prematurely. When the egg is not viable, or the female decides that she does not want to lay an egg on a particular fruit, the scar remains and can be seen at harvest, often making the fruit unmarketable.

Biology

Plum curculio is a snout-nosed beetle, aka a weevil. The adult is small, about 6 mm, mottled black, grey and brown. When handled it will often “play dead” in an attempt to fool animals that might prey on it. The larvae is a whitish, legless grub, it's feeding on the inside of fruitlets is what will cause premature drop. Larvae then crawl out of the fallen fruitlets into the soil where they pupate. Adults emerge from the soil after ~16 days. They then move around, feeding here and there,  until cold weather drives them into hibernating spots. Commercial orchards, generally, do not have overwintering populations within their borders. Wild hosts (abandoned orchards, crab apples, etc.) on the other hand, are a prominent source of adult curculio. These outsiders will migrate into your orchards right at petal fall, when temperature and moisture are optimal.

Monitoring

Fruitlets should be monitored beginning at about 5 mm diameter along orchard borders to determine if new injury is occuring. If fresh oviposition scars are observed, a first cover border spray should be made. Cool wet weather will prolong PC activity. Continue to monitor for fresh scars. If more are found, a second cover spray may be needed.  

Management

While there is promising work with beneficial nematodes underway, management of plum curculio relies heavily on petal fall, first and second cover insecticidal applications. The first insecticide application should be made to the whole orchard in order to clean up any PCs that have migrated into the inner part of the orchard. Surround is an organically approved material that can also be complementary to conventional management strategies. Surround applications at the onset of petal fall and continue to reapply weekly to maintain coverage and deter egg laying.  Do not apply insecticides until bloom is completely finished to reduce unwanted pollinator exposure.  When using pre-mixes, ensure the modes of action in the material are effective against more than one of the pests you are managing.  For example, a petal fall spray of Voliam Flexi will be effective against both plum curculio and european apple sawfly. This material has moderate toxicity for honeybees and low toxicity to some predatory insects (not too shabby). For information on rainfast characteristics of some insecticides, see the following article in Fruit Gower’s News:

http://fruitgrowersnews.com/news/rainfast-characteristics-insecticides-fruit-reviewed/

 

Orthosia hibisci

Overview

Speckled green fruitworm is one of several members of the Noctuidae fruitworms family which cause damage to fruit and foliage of pome and stone fruit. It was introduced from Europe, the adult being a nocturnal moth, however, it is the larval stage, particularly the large ones that cause unacceptable damage to fruit.

Biology

Green fruitworm overwinters as an adult moth which starts flying (at night) and lays eggs in the spring. Larvae hatch and go through six instars, the later instars being a quite large (one inch) green caterpillar with yellow/white longitudinal stripes. Larvae feed on flowers, fruit and foliage where they can roll leaves similar to true leafrollers. Individual fruitworm larvae can feed on many fruitlets during the post-bloom period, however, many of these damaged fruits will fall off. Fruit that persists to harvest will have deep corky scars and indentations, which is also similar to leafroller feeding from the overwintering generation.

Monitoring

Examine 20 flower/fruit clusters on 5 trees throughout the canopy from pink to first cover. If two or more larvae per tree are found, or there is evidence of feeding damage, treatment is recommended. Pheromone traps can also be deployed to monitor the presence and relative abundance of green fruitworms.

Management

Pre-bloom insecticides are advised, and pyrethroids are the best choice, however, they can be hard on beneficial insects when applied at this time. Post-bloom insecticide applications targeting other insects are generally effective too. B.t. (Dipel) is effective if applied early before the larvae get too big.

Tetranychus urticae

Content adapted from MyIPM/Bugwood Apps

Overview

Two-spotted spider mite is a secondary (non-fruit damage) pest of apple and pear. It is widespread in range, has multiple generations per season, easily develops resistance to miticides, and is particularly problematic when it is dry and moves from the ground cover into fruit trees.

Biology

Adults are pale yellow to dark green, brownish, or faintly orange. Males are smaller than females, have a distinctly pointed abdomen, and darkish areas on each side of the body. Females are more oval, and when newly hatched have namesake distinct dark areas on each side of the body, which becomes more blotchy and irregular when feeding commences. Nymphs also have distinct two spots. TSSM overwinters under bark or in the ground cover. In spring they typically move to weeds and grass where they feed. In summer they crawl into the canopy especially when it gets dry or the orchard floor is mowed. Once in the tree a serious infestation can develop and cause damage which is grayish bronzing of foliage in apple and solid dark-brown spotting of pear leaves.

Monitoring

Check foliage for mite presence beginning in early summer. 10 leaves from 10 trees should be averaged for a count, Chemical treatment is advised if there are six or more mites per leaf. Also, check foliage touching ground cover on lower limbs. Summer oil sprays are advised, but a spring oil spray is not effective on TSSM because – unlike European red mite -- they are in the groundcover. If miticides are necessary, only use if over threshold and rotate chemistries for resistance management. If you can identify mite predators, then one predator per leaf on average may justify holding off on applying a miticide. (See http://www.ipm.msu.edu/insects/twospotted_spider_mite for help.)

Adapted from ‘Common Tree Fruit Pests,’ Angus Howitt, Michigan State University, 1993

Management

Chemical Control

Summer applications of miticides are indicated. Early season oil applications are not effective.

Specific Resistance Issues

Resistance is likely when miticides are not rotated. Be sure to rotate miticide classes when choosing chemical control.

Non-Chemical Control

Minimize weed growth, particularly broadleaf weeds, in the orchard. Mow frequently to keep groundcover short, but avoid mowing during hot/dry spells.

Adapted from Extension Bulletin E154 “2015 Michigan Fruit Management Guide for Commercial Fruit Growers” https://shop.msu.edu/product_p/bulletin-e0154.htm

 

EXTRAS

From UC Statwide IPM Project: Webspinning mites produce a characteristic blackening of pear leaves when they feed. Pear trees can tolerate fewer webspinning mites than European red mites. Usually two to three mites feeding near the midrib of a leaf produce black areas from the midrib to the margin. This blackening may appear even after mites have been controlled, especially if a period of hot weather follows the spray application. High mite populations may cause defoliation. Severe defoliation can stunt fruit and may cause the trees to bloom in fall, thus reducing next year's crop. However, if defoliation is limited to water sprouts in the top or interior of the tree, it will not adversely affect the crop or tree.

 

Pseudomonas syringae

Overview

• Blossom blast of pear is a bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae. Pseudomonas syringae is favored by cool, wet weather and is distributed by splashing rain and insects. The severity of blossom blast can be decreased by a combination of a delayed-dormant copper spray plus two streptomycin sprays applied during bloom, however, it must be applied pre-symptom.
• Symptoms of blossom blast include blackening of the calyx end of individual fruitlets, entire blossom clusters with cluster leaves remaining unaffected, or complete death of clusters including both the blossoms and the leavees. Severe outbreaks of blossom blast on pears are usually associated with spring frosts because frost injury provides entry sites for infection.
• The severity of blossom blast can be decreased by a combination of a delayed-dormant copper spray plus two streptomycin sprays applied during bloom, however, it must be applied pre-symptom.
• From: Rosenberger, D.A. 1996. Pear blossom blast. Scaffolds Fruit Journal (June 3); 4. Blossom Blast.

Symptoms and disease cycle

Blossom blast is a bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae. Pseudomonas syringae is favored by cool, wet weather (as compared with fire blight bacteria, which are favored by warm, wet weather). Pseudomonas syringae survives and grows on the surface of many different plant species and is distributed by splashing rain and by insects. Severe outbreaks of blossom blast on pears are usually associated with spring frosts because frost injury provides entry sites for infection. In the Columbia County (NY) orchards I observed, many of the developing fruitlets had frost rings, indicating that fruit were damaged by a frost (probably on May 14). However, less than 5% of the flower clusters were affected by blast.

Symptoms of blossom blast include blackening of the calyx end of individual fruitlets, blackening of entire blossom clusters with cluster leaves remaining unaffected, or complete death of clusters including both the blossoms and the leaves. Young leaves near affected clusters may have small nondescript necrotic leaf spots. Unlike fire blight, blossom blast does not spread into larger limbs or cause extensive damage to pear trees. However, heavy infections can seriously reduce fruit set.

In its early stages, when clusters of blossoms are just beginning to turn black, blossom blast can easily be confused with fire blight. However, symptoms of blossom blast are likely to appear earlier in the season than would be expected for fire blighted blossoms. (The expected appearance of blossom blight symptoms associated with fire blight can be determined using the MaryBlyt program.) Fire blight bacteria produce a toxin that is rapidly transported to adjacent leaves and causes blackening of leaf veins, whereas perfectly healthy leaves are often found just below clusters of flowers killed by blossom blast. Clusters affected by fire blight frequently have drops of bacteria ooze on their surface, sometimes visible only with a hand lens, whereas ooze is not visible with blossom blast. Although no fruit grower is ever happy about having diseases in their trees, most pear growers are happy when someone diagnoses dead flower clusters as resulting from blossom blast rather than from fire blight.

From: Rosenberger, D.A. 1996. Pear blossom blast. Scaffolds Fruit Journal (June 3); 4. Blossom Blast.

Chemical control

Nothing can be done to change the course of the disease after symptoms of blossom blast appear, and no further spread of the disease will occur after bloom. When anticipated in advance, the severity of blossom blast can be decreased by a combination of a delayed-dormant copper spray plus two streptomycin sprays applied during bloom (See Plant Dis. Reptr. 61:311-312 [1977] and The GoodFruit Grower, 1 July 1986, pages 22-23). Unfortunately, streptomycin sprays timed to control fire blight infection periods will usually be applied too late during the bloom period to provide complete control of blossom blast. One of the Columbia County orchards affected this year (1996) had been protected with copper plus two streptomycin sprays timed for fire blight.

From: Rosenberger, D.A. 1996. Pear blossom blast. Scaffolds Fruit Journal (June 3); 4. Blossom Blast.

Resistance (Eastern U.S.)

Not applicable

Non-chemical control

Not applicable

Diplocarpon mespili

Overview

• Fabraea leaf spot is a fungus (Diplocarpon mespili) that infects primarily leaves and fruit of pear and quince. Infections can result in significant leaf spotting, defoliation, and unmarketable fruit.
• Fabraea leaf spot infection occurs from spring to summer, and like apple scab, spores are released and spread during periods of rainfall.
• Sanitation by flail mowing leaves and brush may help reduce Fabraea leaf spot spores, however, chemical control is still usually necessary.
• Chemical control using contact fungicides beginning in the spring and continuing into the summer in wet years are necessary to control Fabraea leaf spot.

Symptoms & Signs

Fabraea most noticeably first manifests itself as small, purple-black spots on leaves and fruit. Spots gradually enlarge into brown lesions 1/8 to ¼ inch in diameter. When the infection is severe, defoliation can occur and fruit will become deformed and not sellable and/or drop off the tree. Fabraea may also infect shoots, again appearing initially as purplish spots, becoming lesions/cankers which may persist into the next growing season. Leaf and fruit infections are most notable in the Northeast and Midwest, but in the Southeast , shoot infection can be significant. Severe infections can result in reduced flower bud formation for the following season.

Disease Cycle

Similar to apple scab, much Fabraea overwinters in leaves on the orchard floor. Farther south, overwintering is also likely to occur in shoot cankers. Spores are released from leaves with rain from mid-May to July (in the Northeast and Midwest) and result in primary infection on fruit and foliage. Shoot cankers spread Fabraea from late-April through May (in the Southeast) with more driving rains. Length of wetting for infection to occur can range from 12 hours at 50 degrees F. to as little as 8 hours from 68 to 77 degrees F. Infections take about 7 days to become visible. Once primary infection occurs, secondary infection can spread rapidly with rain and wind during the summer, particularly during wet seasons.

Chemical Control

Contact/protectant fungicides are necessary to control Fabraea leaf spot. EBDC fungicides (Manzate, Penncozeb, Dithane) and Ziram give good control. (But EBDC’s have a 77 day Pre-Harvest Interval.) Early season fungicide application(s) for pear scab (as long as EBDC’s or Ziram are included) will prevent initial infection by Fabraea. Where disease pressure is high, however, summer-long  fungicide applications (once the pear scab season has passed) will be required, particularly in wet summers. Late-maturing varieties may even need fungicide sprays into the early fall to prevent Fabraea from infecting fruit.

Fungicide Resistance in the Eastern U.S.

None known because contact fungicides are necessary for control.

Non-Chemical Control

Biological Control

Other than sanitation, there is no known biological control of Fabraea leaf spot.

Cultural Control

Flail mowing/chopping leaves and brush and removing obvious cankers on the tree may help to control Fabraea leaf spot and is recommended.

Resistant Varieties

Although there are some variety differences in susceptibility to Fabraea leaf spot, generally just consider the fact all European pear varieties are susceptible such that the disease will need to be controlled. Bosc and Seckel, however, appear to be especially susceptible to Fabraea.

Links

http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/1999/6.7_diseases.html

 

Erwinia amylovora

Overview

• Fire bight is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Infection by E. amylovora can blight flowers, current year shoots, and even the rootstock. Severe infections may lead to the death of the entire tree. This is especially the case for young plantings in the establishment years.
• Infection of blossoms begins with bacterial multiplication on the surface of flower stigmas during warm weather. Subsequent rains wash the bacteria into the floral cup where they enter the vascular tissue through the nectaries. Bacteria then migrate through the vascular tissue to the growing shoots and rootstocks causing blight.
• Sanitation is accomplished by removing blighted shoots and whole trees. Prune blight shoots into last year’s growth. If infection reaches the leader/trunk in small trees (less than 2-3” diam.), remove the whole tree.
• Chemical control begins at bloom with biopesticides and antibiotics, which should be applied at forecasted high-risk infection periods.

Symptoms & Signs

Blossoms: Infected blossom clusters will undergo petal fall normally, but subsequently wilt after 1-2 weeks depending on the temperature. Young infected pedicel may develop an orange cast depending on the cultivar. The young fruitlets will eventually become blackened and necrotic as the infection progresses. Infected blossoms will remain attached and are difficult to remove. In high humidity conditions, bacterial ooze will be produced on the surface of wilted tissues. Similarly, as the infection spreads to shoots, they will wilt and turn black with bacterial migration. The mid vein of leaves on infected shoots may also become blacked and necrotic, and areas of brown to black necrosis may appear across the surface of leaves.  As trees progress into winter blackened cankers may on infected shoots and infected sections of the leader. Depending on when they develop, cankers may or may not lead to a perennial source of overwintering inoculum for later years. If fruit are produced on blighted shoots, these will become arrested in maturation, become black to brown and ooze with bacteria in high humidity conditions.

Disease Cycle

E. amylovora overwinters in cankers which can be large on the trunk and main leaders, or smaller on infected shoots or limbs. As the weather warms in the spring, cankers ooze and bacteria can be dispersed to blossoms during rains and by pollinator insects at bloom. Later in the season, storms, deer feeding, and hail can cause trauma infections from bacteria remaining in the orchard. Root sucker management by mowing or physical removal can lead to additional root infections on susceptible rootstocks.

Chemical Control

Agricultural antibiotics are most effective means of controlling blossom blight.  Of the antibiotics, streptomycin and kasugamycin are the most effective, but only streptomycin has local systemicity.  Regardless, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, or kasugamycin should be applied prior to infection events as suggested by disease forecasting tools. Alternatively, applying low rates of copper at weekly intervals is also practiced to protect growing shoots from secondary shoot blight infections.

Antibiotic Resistance in the Eastern U.S.

Streptomycin resistance is fairly prevalence in E. amylovora populations in the Western and Midwestern U.S.. Streptomycin resistant was E. amylovora is commonly found in Michigan and was detected in several orchards in western NY. Interestingly, resistant strains in NY have either become quiescent or were subsequently eradicated as they are now difficult to find in NY orchards. Overall, Resistance to antibiotics in the Eastern US is fairly rare and has not been reported for oxytetracycline and kasugamycin at the time of this article.

Non-Chemical Control

Biological Control

There are a variety of biopesticides and systemic acquired resistance inducers, which can be effective in low-pressure situations with calendar based application schedules. Many of these are acceptable for organic agriculture, but may require considerable numbers of application to be effective. 

Cultural Control

Sanitation is accomplished by removing blighted shoots and whole trees. For best effect, prune blight shoots into last year’s growth or 12” inches below the last visible sign of necrosis. If infection reaches the leader/trunk in small (<2-3” diam.) trees, remove the entire tree. When removing fire blight, take care to choose the coolest and driest days possible.

Resistant Varieties

No pear varieties are truly resistant to fire blight, however, some are better than others. European pears that show some degree of resistance include: Harrow Crisp, Harrow Gold, Harrow Delight, Harrow Sweet, Harvest Queen, Kieffer, Magness, Maxine, Moonglow, Old Home, Orient, Seckel, Starking Delicious, and Warren. Among Asian pears showing some degree of resistance are: Chojuro, Kikusui, Kosui ,Seuri, Shinko ,Shinsui, Singo, Tsu Li, and Ya Li. The ‘Harrow’ series of pears out of Ontario, CANADA are quite resistant to fire blight.

Links to more information

http://extension.psu.edu/plants/tree-fruit/diseases/pear-diseases/fire-blight

Venturia pirina

Overview

• Pear scab is caused by the fungus Venturia pirina. It is similar to apple scab, however, occurs more sporadically. Where present, however, it can cause serious economic loss unless controlled.
• Infection occurs when overwintering ascospores on leaves and shoots are released during periods of wetting in the spring.
• Sanitation by flail mowing leaves and brush may help reduce overwintering inoculum (similar to apple scab), however, chemical control is still typically necessary when pear scab is a persistent problem.
• Chemical control using contact and systemic fungicides beginning in the spring and targeting primary infection are recommended to control pear scab.

Symptoms & Signs

Pear scab symptoms on leaves and fruit are similar to those of apple scab, however, pear scab lesions can also occur on shoots. Scab lesions on leaves are more visible on the bottom of the leaf, but can be kind of small and inconspicuous. Nevertheless, they are olive-colored circular spots. On fruit, pear scab infections are larger and more obvious, again being olive-colored, velvety, circular spots that become more corky and black later in the season. Badly infected fruit results in skin cracking and deformity, and if lesions infect the fruit pedicels, fruit will drop prematurely. If fruit is infected late in the summer, fruit can develop rough, black lesions during storage. Pear scab lesions on shoots are similar to those on foliage and fruit depending on the age of the shoot and length of time infected, ranging from smaller olive-colored lesions to larger, brown-black lesions which typically are walled-off and slough off the shoots.

Disease Cycle

Primary infection results from overwintering ascospores on leaves on the orchard floor and conidia from twig lesions, but the presence of ascospores is usually necessary for significant infection to occur. Spores are mature with bud swell and can be released for up to three months. Pear scab ascospore maturation begins at the same time as green tissue emerges at budbreak, releases peak during pear bloom, then declines. With adequate moisture, degree-day models predict that nearly 100% of pear scab ascospores will have reached maturity by about 1400 degree-days base 32F. As with apple scab, ascospore density can vary by a factor of 100 times or more between a low-scab and high-scab pear orchard. Unlike apple scab, pear scab ascospores can release at night, so all infection period durations should be timed from beginning of the rain, whether is the rain started during the day or at night. Periods of wetting with rainfall more than 0.01 inch are required to release spores and initiate infection. Like apple scab, more spores are released during daytime wetting vs. night.  Wetness duration for infection to occur can range from 10 hours to 25 hours at 75 degrees F. and 45 degrees F. respectively. Symptoms appear in 10 to 19 days from infection, and pear fruit become more resistant to infection with age. The severity of pear scab infection is highly correlated with amount of inoculum present, just like apple scab.

Chemical Control

Many of the same fungicides used to control apple scab also control pear scab. Protectant fungicides are the first course of action, and must be applied before wetting periods long enough to initiate infection occur, and beginning when green tissue emerges. They must be repeated at 7-10 day intervals until the supply of inoculum is gone. Systemic “kickback” fungicides may also be used, as long as they are applied in time to provide post-infection suppression of scab.

Fungicide Resistance in the Eastern U.S.

Where protectant fungicides are used, resistance should not be an issue. If, however, systemic fungicides in the same mode-of-action class are used repeatedly, resistance could develop. Thus, fungicide rotation is always advised.

Non-Chemical Control

Biological Control

There is no significant biological control of pear scab.

Cultural Control

Flail mowing/chopping overwintering leaves and/or applying urea to foliage in late fall will help leaves break-down and decrease the amount of inoculum present for infection in the spring.

Resistant Varieties

Pear cultivars do vary somewhat in their resistance to pear scab, however, it is not well documented and resistance to one strain of pear scab may not work on another strain. Differences in strains and variety susceptibility means resistance cannot be counted on to provide adequate protection from infection.

Revised May 2, 2020. G. Koehler

References

Diseases of Tree Fruit in the East, Alan Jones and Turner Sutton

Factors Affecting Maturation and Realease of Ascospores of Venturia pirina in Oregon. R. A. Spotts and L. A. Cervantes. APS.

Pear Scab: Components of Potential Ascospore Dose and Validation of an Ascopsore Maturity Model. R. A. Spotts, L. A. Cervantes and F. Niderholzer. APS.

Sooty blotch & flyspeck of pear is a disease complex caused by a number of fungi

Overview

• Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) is for management purposes one disease that blemishes the surface of apple and pear fruit.
• Infectious spores of the many fungi that cause SBFS come primarily from wild plants along orchard borders.
• SBFS activity is most prevalent during the period one to two weeks after petal fall, through to harvest.
• Cultural controls such as pruning, mowing and removing host plants on orchard borders decrease SBFS risk.
• Fungicides are the primary control for SBFS. The initial fungicide application each season can be timed using accumulated leaf wetness hours from petal fall. Later fungicide applications should be timed according the amount of rain or the time that’s elapsed since the previous application.

Symptoms and signs

Sooty blotch shows as dark, irregularly shaped areas, like charcoal smudges on fruit. Flyspeck develops distinct black, pinhead-sized spots generally clustered in groups of 10 to 50. These symptoms often appear together on fruit, but one or the other may occur alone. Details of the symptoms, such as speck size or blotch margins may vary significantly, as many different fungi can cause SBFS, and disease pressure from weather varies. Symptoms are limited to the waxy apple or pear cuticle, and can generally be removed by rubbing with water or a bleach solution.

Note that on pear sooty mold appearing as a result of pear psylla infestation can be confused with SBFS (sooty blotch in particular), however, it's usually pretty easy to see the sooty mold on the twigs and foliage in addition to the fruit with sooty mold. (See sooty mold pict in Gallery.) SBFS only affects the fruit. Sooty mold is also generally easily washed off whereas SBFS is not. Sooty mold is generally NOT controlled with fungicides (except for maybe Topsin-M), pear psylla needs to be controlled early in the season with timely insecticide application(s).

Disease cycle

The different life cycles for many fungi that contribute to the SBFS complex are not well understood. Generally the fungi first produce spores that infect apple fruit in mid- to late summer. However, the fungi may infest very young fruit and remain invisible for several weeks, first appearing in late summer or early fall. SBFS apparently has secondary spore production and infection cycles related to rain, with higher rates of disease occurring in years with heavy or frequent rain. These fungi appear to overwinter on plants adjacent to apple & pear orchards.

Chemical control

Fungicides applied approximately every two to three weeks, starting with second cover, will generally control SBFS. The most effective fungicides against include the QoI’s (strobilurins: Flint, Sovran, Pristine) and thiophanate-methyl (Topsin, T-Methyl). Captan, Inspire Super and other pre-mixes that contain a QoI (Luna Sensation, Merivon) are not quite as effective but still provide good control.

Accumulated leaf wetness hours from fruit set (170 to 220 h) can be used to more accurately time the first SBFS fungicide application. After that, timing should be based on the amount of rain and the time from the previous fungicide application.

Fungicides should be re-applied when they are depleted, either by rain or breakdown over time. Use the following depletion rules, applying whichever comes first.

• Pristine (14.5 oz/A) – 2.5 inches rain or 21 days. (Should generally be reserved for the last application before harvest)
• Flint (2.5 oz/A), Sovran (6.4 oz/A), or thiophanate methyl (0.8 lb/A or 20 fl. oz/A) PLUS Captan (2.5 lb/A Captan 80 or equivalent rate for other formulations) – 2.0 inches of rain or 21 days
• Captan (4 lb/A Captan 80 or equivalent rate for other formulations) – 1.5 inches of rain or 14 days.

Other Fungicides. Sulfur, liquid lime sulfur and phosphorous acid compounds (for example Prophyte, Phostrol) also suppress SBFS, though less is known about their depletion rates, and with liquid lime sulfur there is risk of russeting on fruit and foliar stress.

Post-harvest chlorine bleach. SBFS blemishes may be removed or significantly reduced using postharvest fruit dip treatments in low-concentration chlorine bleach solutions (500 to 800 ppm chlorine) followed by brushing on a commercial grading line.

Note: always check label to make sure the fungicide is registered for use on pear.

Resistance (Eastern U.S.)

None reported

Non-chemical control

Cultural Controls

Anything that slows drying in apple and pear tree canopies encourages SBFS development. So larger trees that are poorly pruned develop more disease. Similarly, trees in areas where air circulation is poor develop more disease. The source of many of the SBFS fungi is wild plant hosts in woods or hedgerows adjacent to orchards. Cutting back these border plants, particularly well-known hosts such as wild blackberries, reduces disease pressure. Keep grass in the orchard mowed to reduce humidity in tree canopies.

Varietal Susceptibility

Apple and pear cultivars vary in the amount of SBFS at harvest, but this is primarily related to harvest date rather than resistance pathogen colonization. Later harvested cultivars have the highest SBFS incidence. Lower SBFS incidence on the earlier maturing cultivars apparently results from disease avoidance, as these apples are exposed to fewer hours of wetting and high relative humidity, environmental factors favorable for growth of SBFS fungi.

Overview

• Stony pit is caused by a destructive virus that is transmitted by virus-infected pear wood (rootstocks, buds, or shoots).
• Symptoms of stony pit are severe dimpling/pitting/discoloration of fruit that can make the fruit unsightly and/or unmarketable.
• Stony pit can affect all pear varieties (European and Asian), however, it seems to be most prevalent in the variety Bosc.
• Control of stony pit is only provided by using certified virus-free rootstocks, trees, and budwood.

Symptoms & Signs

Stony pit first appears as dark green areas on the pear fruits beginning as soon as three weeks after petal fall. Fruit growth is restricted, resulting in dimpling, pitting, gnarling, and deformed fruit. It can be similar and confused with plant bug/stink bug injury, however, stony pit is typically more severe in damage. In fact, the fruit can be severely stunted, gritty, difficult to cut, and measles-like in appearance. Sometimes tree symptoms are observed including pimpling/cracking of bark, stunting of trees, and chlorotic vein-banding or mottling of foliage. (Typical virus symptoms.) Symptoms can appear one year and not the next, although may again show up anytime on the infected pear tree.

Disease Cycle

The virus that causes stony pit is only transmitted by vegetative propagation with infected wood/cuttings/buds. It is apparently not transmitted by insects or seed.

Chemical Control

There is none.

Fungicide Resistance in the Eastern U.S.

NA

Non-Chemical Control

Biological Control

Cultural Control

Achieved by using only (certified preferably) virus-free wood/buds when grafting, budding, etc.  Infected trees should be removed from the orchard, although Bartlett (which is symptomless) could be top-worked onto infected trees.

Resistant Varieties

Bosc, Seckel, and Comice seem to be the most severely infected varieties, although all pear varieties (including Asian) are susceptible to having the virus and displaying symptoms. Bartlett appears to be a symptomless carrier of the virus.

Links

http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/fphg/pome/diseases/stony-pit

http://postharvest.tfrec.wsu.edu/marketdiseases/pearstony.html

Of high concern at late dormant/delayed dormant is pear psylla. Oil application would be the first IPM strategy, applied as soon as adults are present, usually the first nice warm day in April. If oil application is impractical, use an effective insecticide when adults are present. A high rate copper application for fire blight is also a good IPM strategy at this time.

Disease - Blossom blast/Fire blight

Spray Table for Blossom blast/Fire blight diseases

FRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
-	Badge SC	5.25-14 pt	48	0
-	Badge X2	5.25-14 lb	48	0		OMRI
-	Cuprofix Ultra 40	7.5-10 lb	48	0
-	Kocide 300	5.25-7 lb	48	0

Insect - Pear psylla

Spray table for Pear psylla insect

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
-	Biocover MLT	1-2 gal/100 gal	4	0	moderate-high	or other similar dormant oils; see label for rates
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5 to 14 fl oz	4	14	HIGH	not for European red mite
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
	Superior oil	2%
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI
	Asana XL	4.8 to 14.5 fl oz	12	28	excellent
	Danitol 2.4 EC Spray	16 to 21.3 fl oz	24	14	excellent
	Esteem 35 WP	5 oz	12	45	good
	Surround WP	25 to 50 lb	4	0	good	OMRI; must maintain good coverage
	Warrior II	1.28 to 2.56 fl oz	24	21	excellent
	Centaur 70 WDG	34.7 oz			good	Reduced Risk insecticide
	Mustang Max 0.8 EC	4 oz			excellent

Insect - San jose scale

Spray Table for San jose scale insect

IRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-Hours	PHI-Days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Brigade WSB	6.4 to 32 oz	12	14
4A	Assail 30 SG	8 oz	12	7	moderate
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5 to 14 fl oz	4	14	HIGH	combine with horticultural oil for best results
7C	Esteem 35 WP	4 to 5 oz	12	45	high
16	Centaur 0.7 WDG	34.5-46 oz	12	14	high	Reduced Risk insecticide
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
	Superior oil	2%			excellent	needs to be applied dilute
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI

1-Late dormant/delayed dormant

Still of concern at swollen bud is pear psylla. Oil application would be the first IPM strategy, applied as soon as adults are present, usually the first nice warm day in April. If oil application is impractical, use an effective insecticide when adults are present. A high rate copper application for fire blight is also a good IPM strategy at this time.

Insect - Pear psylla

Spray Table for Pear psylla insect

IRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/acre	REI Hours	PHI Days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Danitol 2.4 EC	16 to 21 fl oz	24	21	excellent
NA	Damoil	3 to 6 gal	4	0		don't apply below 32 degrees F.
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI
7C	Esteem 35WP	4 to 5 oz	12	45	good
3A	Warrior II	1.28 to 2.56 fl oz	24	21	excellent
3A	Mustang Max 0.8 EC	1.28-4 fl oz	12	14
4A	Actara	5.5 oz	12	35	High
4A	Assail 30 SG	4 to 8 oz	12	7	moderate
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5 to 14 fl oz	4	12	HIGH
4C	Transform WG	2.75 oz	24	7
5	Delegate 25 WG	4.5-7 oz	4	7	High
7C	Esteem 35 WP	4 to 5 oz	12	45	High
16	Centaur 0.7 WDG	34.5-46 oz	12	3	High
21A	Portal 0.4 EC	2 pt	12	14
28	Exirel	13.5-20.5 fl oz	12	3
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11  oz	4	7
	Surround 95 WP	25-50 lb	4	0	moderate	must maintain coverage
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed

 

2-Swollen bud

Disease - Pear scab (and Fabraeae leaf spot)

Spray table for Pear scab disease

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
7	Aprovia	5.5 to 7 fl oz	12	30		pear scab only
11	FLINT Extra	2.5 to 2.9 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
11	Flint	2 to 2.5 oz	12	0		pear scab only
7	Fontelis	16-20 fl oz	12	28		pear scab only
3/9	Inspire Super	12 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Koverall	3 to 6 lb	24	77	high
11/7	Luna Sensation	4 to 5.8 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
7/9	Luna Tranquility	11.2 to 16 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
M3	Manzate Pro-Stick	3-6 lb	24	77
11/7	Merivon	4-5.5 fl oz	12	0
M3	Penncozeb 75 DF	3.2-6.4 lb	24	77
11/7	Pristine	14.5 to 18.5 oz	12	0
3	Procure	12 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
3	Rhyme	6.5 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Roper DF Rainshield	3-6 lb	24	77
9	Scala SC	5 to 10 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
11	Sovran	3.2 to 6.4 oz	12	30		pear scab only
NA	Syllit FL	3 pt	48	7		DANGER signal word
3	Trionic 4SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
9	Vangard WG	3 to 5 oz	12	0
M3	Ziram 76 DF	6 lb	48	14		DANGER signal word
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0

Disease - Powdery mildew

Spray table for Powdery mildew disease

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3	Trionic 4SC	8 to 16 fl oz	48	14
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2% by volume	4	0		OMRI

Insect - Tarnished plant bug

Spray table for Tarnished bug plant insect

IRAC	PRODUCT	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Brigade 2ec	2.6 to 12.8 fl oz	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Brigade WSB	6.4 to 32 oz	12	14	high	Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
4A	Belay	4-6 fl oz	12	7	high
9C	Beleaf 50 SG	2-2.8 oz	12	21	high
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
3A	Danitol 2.4 EC	16-21.3 fl oz	24	21	high
3A/28	Voliam Xpress	6-12 fl oz	24	21	high
3A/28	Warrior II 2.08 CS	1.28-2.56 fl oz	24	21	high

Insect - Pear psylla

Spray table for Pear psylla insect

IRAC	PRODUCT	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
4A	Actara	5.5 oz	12	35	high
4A	Assail 30 SG	4-8 oz	12	7	moderate
16	Centaur 0.7 WDG	34.5-46 oz	12	3	high
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
3A	Danitol 2.4 EC	16 to 21.3 fl oz	24	21	moderate
5	Delegate 25 WG	4.5-7 oz	4	7	high
7C	Esteem 35 WP	4 to 5 oz	12	45	high
28	Exirel	13.5-20.5 fl oz	12	3
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
3A	Mustang Max 0.8 EC	1.28-4 fl oz	12	14
21A	Portal 0.4 EC	2 pt	12	14
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5 to 14 fl oz	4	12	HIGH
4C	Transform WG	2.75 oz	24	7
	Surround 95 WP	25-50 lb	4	0	moderate	must maintain coverage
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
3A	Warrior 2.08 CS	1.28-2.56 fl oz	24	21	moderate
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2% by volume	4	0		OMRI

3-Bud burst

Disease - Pear scab

Spray table for pear Scab disease

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
7	Aprovia	5.5 to 7 fl oz	12	30
11	FLINT Extra	2.5 to 2.9 fl oz	12	14
11	Flint	2 to 2.5 oz	12	0
7	Fontelis	16-20 fl oz	12	28
3/9	Inspire Super	12 fl oz	12	14
M3	Koverall	3 to 6 lb	24	77	high
11/7	Luna Sensation	4 to 5.8 fl oz	12	14
7/9	Luna Tranquility	11.2 to 16 fl oz	12	72
M3	Manzate Pro-Stick	3-6 lb	24	77
11/7	Merivon	4-5.5 fl oz	12	0
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30
M3	Penncozeb 75 DF	3.2-6.4 lb	24	77
11/7	Pristine	14.5 to 18.5 oz	12	0
3	Procure	12 to 16 fl oz	12	14
3	Rhyme	6.5 fl oz	12	14
M3	Roper DF Rainshield	3-6 lb	24	77
9	Scala SC	5 to 10 fl oz	12	72
11	Sovran	3.2 to 6.4 oz	12	30
NA	Syllit FL	3 pt	48	7		DANGER signal word
3	Trionic 4SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14
9	Vangard WG	3 to 5 oz	12	0
M3	Ziram 76 DF	6 lb	48	14		DANGER signal word
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0

 

Disease - Fabeaeae leaf spot

Spray table for Fabeaeae leaf spot disease

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-Hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
M3	Koverall	3 to 6 lbs	24	77	High
M3	Manzate Pro-Stick	3 to 6 lbs	24	77
M3	Penncozeb 75 DF	3.2-6.4 lbs	24	77
M3	Roper DF Rainshield	3 to 6 lbs	24	77
NA	Syllit	3 pt	48	7		DANGER signal word
9	Vanguard WG	3 to 5 oz	12	0
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0

 

Disease - Powdery Mildew

Spray table for Powdery Mildew disease

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-Hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3	Trionic 4 SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	0	4		OMRI

 

Insect - Tarnished plant bug

Spray table for Tarnished plant bug

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Brigade WSB	6.4 to 32 oz	12	14	HIGH	Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Brigade 2ec	2.6 to 12.8 fl oz	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Danitol 2.4 EC	16-21.3 fl oz	24	21	high
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14	HIGH
3A/28	Voliam Xpress	6-12 fl oz	24	21	high
3A/28	Warrior II 2.08 CS	1.28-2.56 fl oz	12	21	high
3, 28	*Besiege	6 to 12 fl oz	24	21
4A	Belay	4-6 fl oz	12	7	high
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
9C	Beleaf 50 SG	2-2.8 oz	12	21	high

4-Green cluster

Disease - Pear scab (and Fabraeae leaf spot)

Spray table for Pear scab

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
7	Aprovia	5.5 to 7 fl oz	12	30		pear scab only
11	FLINT Extra	2.5 to 2.9 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
11	Flint	2 to 2.5 oz	12	0		pear scab only
7	Fontelis	16-20 fl oz	12	28		pear scab only
3/9	Inspire Super	12 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Koverall	3 to 6 lb	24	77	high
11/7	Luna Sensation	4 to 5.8 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
7/9	Luna Tranquility	11.2 to 16 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
M3	Manzate Pro-Stick	3-6 lb	24	77
11/7	Merivon	4-5.5 fl oz	12	0
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz.	12	30		scab only
M3	Penncozeb 75 DF	3.2-6.4 lb	24	77
11/7	Pristine	14.5 to 18.5 oz	12	0
3	Procure	12 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
3	Rhyme	6.5 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Roper DF Rainshield	3-6 lb	24	77
9	Scala SC	5 to 10 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
11	Sovran	3.2 to 6.4 oz	12	30		pear scab only
NA	Syllit FL	3 pt	48	7		DANGER signal word
3	Trionic 4 SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
9	Vangard WG	3 to 5 oz	12	0
M3	Ziram 76 DF	6 lb	48	14		DANGER signal word
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0

Disease - Powdery mildew

Spray table for Powdery mildew

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3	Trionic 4 SC	8 to 16 fl ozq	12	14
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	0	4		OMRI
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0
7	Miravis	3.4 fl ox	12	30

Insect - Pear psylla

Spray table for Pear psylla

IRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Danitol 2.4 EC	16-21.3 fl oz	24	21	moderate
3A	Mustang Max 0.8 EC	1.28-4 fl oz	12	14
3A	Warrior 2.08 CS	1.28-2.56 fl oz	24	21	moderate
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
4A	Actara	5.5 oz	12	35	high
4A	Assail 30 SG	4-8 oz	12	7	moderate
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5-14 fl oz	4	14	high
4C	Transform WG	2.75 oz	24	See label		Apply no less 3 days prior to bloom
5	Delegate 25 WG	4.5-7 oz	4	7	high
7C	Esteem 35 WP	4 to 5 oz	12	45	high
16	Centaur 0.7 WDG	34.5-46 oz	12	3	high
21A	Portal 0.4 EC	2 pt	12	14
28	Exirel	13.5-20.5 fl oz	12	3
28	Verdeprun 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
-	Surround 95 WP	25-50 lb	4	0	moderate	must maintain coverage
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI
23, 7C	Senstar	12 to 18 fl oz	24	45

5-White bud

Disease - Fire blight

Spray table for Fire blight

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
24	Kasumin 2 L	64 fl oz	12	90	moderate-high	use only if streptomycin resistance
25	Agri-Mycin 50	8 to 16 oz	12	50	high	plus 1 pt/100 gal Regulaid
25	Agri-Mycin 17	24 to 48 oz	12	50	high	plus 1 pt/100 gal Regulaid
41	Fireline 17 WP	16 oz per 100 gallons dilute	12	60	low-moderate
41	Mycoshield	1-3 lb	12	60	moderate-high
44, NC	Serenade ASO	2-6 qt	4	0	low
-	Regalia	1-2 qt	4	0	low	OMRI listed
44	Serifel	4 - 16 oz	4	0	low	Begin application at first bloom. Rotate with true antibiotic.
NA	pHorcepHite	2 to 4 qt	4	0		suppression only
P01	Actigard 50WG	1 to 2 oz	12	60		suppression only

Disease - Pear scab (and Fabraeae leaf spot)

Spray table for Pear scab

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
7	Aprovia	5.5 to 7 fl oz	12	30		pear scab only
11	FLINT Extra	2.5 to 2.9 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
11	Flint	2 to 2.5 oz	12	0		pear scab only
7	Fontelis	16-20 fl oz	12	28		pear scab only
3/9	Inspire Super	12 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Koverall	3 to 6 lb	24	77	high
11/7	Luna Sensation	4 to 5.8 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
7/9	Luna Tranquility	11.2 to 16 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
M3	Manzate Pro-Stick	3-6 lb	24	77
11/7	Merivon	4-5.5 fl oz	12	0
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30		scab only
M3	Penncozeb 75 DF	3.2-6.4 lb	24	77
11/7	Pristine	14.5 to 18.5 oz	12	0
3	Procure	12 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
3	Rhyme	6.5 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Roper DF Rainshield	3-6 lb	24	77
9	Scala SC	5 to 10 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
11	Sovran	3.2 to 6.4 oz	12	30		pear scab only
NA	Syllit FL	3 pt	48	7		DANGER signal word
3	Trionic 4 SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	12		pear scab only
9	Vangard WG	3 to 5 oz	12	0
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0
M3	Ziram 76 DF	6 lb	48	14		DANGER signal word

Disease - Powdery mildew

Spray table for Powdery mildew

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3	Trionic 4 SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30

Protect the bees! Do not spray Insecticides during bloom!

6-Bloom

Disease: Pear scab (and Fabraeae leaf spot)

Spray table for Disease: Pear scab (and Fabraeae leaf spot)

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
7	Aprovia	5.5 to 7 fl oz	12	30		pear scab only
11	FLINT Extra	2.5 to 2.9 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
11	Flint	2 to 2.5 oz	12	0		pear scab only
7	Fontelis	16 - 20 fl oz	12	28		pear scab only
3/9	Inspire Super	12 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Koverall	3 to 6 lb	24	77	high
11/7	Luna Sensation	4 to 5.8 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
7/9	Luna Tranquility	11.2-16 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
M3	Manzate Pro-Stick	3 to 6 lb	24	77
11/7	Merivon	4 to 5.5 fl oz	12	0
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30		scab only
M3	Penncozeb 75 DF	3.2 to 6.4 lb	24	77
11/7	Pristine	14.5 to 18.5 oz	12	0
3	Procure	12 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
3	Rhyme	6.5 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Roper DF Rainshield	3 to 6 lb	24	77
9	Scala SC	5 to 10 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only
11	Sovran	3.2 to 6.4 oz	12	30		pear scab only
NA	Syllit FL	3 pt	48	7		DANGER signal word
3	Trionic 4 SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
9	Vangard WG	3 to 5 oz	12	0
M3	Ziram 76 DF	6 lb	48	14		DANGER signal word
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0

Disease: Powdery mildew

Spray table for Disease: Powdery mildew

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3	Trionic 4SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI

Disease: Fire blight (late bloom)

Spray table for Diseases

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
24	Kasumin 2 L	64 fl oz	12	90	moderate-high	use only if streptomycin resistance
25	Agrimycin 17 WP	24 to 48 oz	12	50	high	plus 1 pt/100 gal Regulaid
41	Fireline 17 WP	8 to16 oz	12	60	low-moderate
41	Mycoshield	1 to 3 lb	12	60	moderate-high
44, NC	Serenade ASO	2 to 6 qt	4	0	low
-	Regalia	1 to 2 qt	4	0	low	OMRI listed
NA	pHorcepHite	2 to 4 qt	4	0		suppresssion only
P01	Actigard 50WG	1 to 2 oz	12	60		suppression only

Insect: Aphids

Spray table for Insect: Aphids

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
4A	Admire Pro	2.8 oz	12	7	high
4A	Assail	2.5-4 oz	12	7	high
4A	Belay	4-6 fl oz	12	7
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
4D	Sivanto Prime	7 to 14 fl oz	4	12	HIGH
4C	Transform WG	0.75 to 1. 5 oz	24	See label		Do not apply until complete petal fall
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28
9C	Beleaf 50 SG	2-2.8 oz	12	21	high
23	Movento	6-9 fl oz	24	7	high
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
9D	Versys (Inscalis®)	1.5 fl oz	12	7	[HIGH]	7 fl oz max per season
NA	Spear-LEP	1 to 2 pt	4	0	?	max 6 pt per acre per season
23/7C	Senstar	12-18 fl oz	24	45	high	No more than 2 applications per year. Minimum interval of 14 days.
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI

Insect: Codling moth

Spray table for Insect: Codling moth

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
	Checkmate CM-F	2.4-4.8 fl oz	4	0		mating disruption
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	?
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	121
28	Exirel	8.5 to 17 fl oz	12	3	?
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
3, 28	*Besiege	6 to 12 fl oz	24	21
22	Avaunt eVo	5 to 6 oz	12	28	medium
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed

Insect: Green fruitworm

Spray table for Insect: Green fruitworm

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
1A	Lannate LV	1.5-3 pt	48	7	high
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14	HIGH	Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Warrior II	1.28-2.56 fl oz	24	21	high
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	HIGH
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
6	Proclaim	3.2-4.8 oz	12/48	14	high
28	Altacor	2.5-4 oz	4	5	high
28	Belt	3-5 fl oz	12	14	high
28	Exirel	8.5-17 fl oz	12	3	moderate-high
28	Verdepryn 100 SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
NA	Spear-LEP	1 to 2 pt	4	0	?	max 6 pt per acre per season

Insect: Pear psylla

Spray table for Insect: Pear psylla

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Danitol 2.4 EC	16-21.3 fl oz	24	21	moderate
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	MEDIUM
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28-4 fl oz	12	14
3A	Warrior 2.08 CS	1.28-2.56 fl oz	24	21	moderate
4A	Actara	5.5 oz	12	35	high
4A	Assail 30 SG	4-8 oz	12	7	moderate
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5-14 fl oz	4	14	high
4C	Transform WG	2.75 oz	24	See label		Do not apply until after full petal fall
5	Delegate 25 WG	4.5-7 oz	4	7	high
7C	Esteem 35 WP	4 to 5 oz	12	45	high
16	Centaur 0.7 WDG	34.5-46 oz	12	3	high
21A	Portal 0.4 EC	2 pt	12	14
28	Exirel	13.5-20.5 fl oz	12	3
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
	Surround 95 WP	25-50 lb	4	0	moderate	must maintain coverage
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
23/7C	Senstar	18 fl oz	24	45	high	No more than 2 applications per year. Minimum interval of 14 days. Do not apply before petal fall
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	0	4		OMRI
21A	Magister SC	32 to 36 oz	12	7	high

Insect: European red mite

Spray table for Insect: European red mite

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	?
	Grandevo	3 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
6, 4A	Agri-Flex	1.5 to 2.0 oz	12	35		Must be used with NIS, COC, VOC, MSO wetting agent to avoid illegal residues.
6	Agri-Mek	2.2 to 4.2 fl oz	12	28
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI
21A	Nexter SC	11 to 17 oz	12	7
21A	Magister SC	32 to 36 oz	12	7	high
25	Nealta Miticide	13.7 fl oz	12	7		Apply in at least 50 gallons of spray solution to small, non-bearing trees. Apply at first sign if infestation. Limit 2 applications per year.
10A	Onager OPTEK	12 to 24 oz	12	28		Target eggs and immature motile mites

Insect: Pear rust mite

Spray table for Insect: Pear rust mite

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
6	Agri-Mek 8 SC	2.25-4.25 fl oz	12	28	high
6, 4A	Agri-Flex	1.5 to 2.0	12	35		Must be used with NIS, COC, VOC, MSO wetting agent to avoid illegal residues.
21	Portal	2 pt	12	14	high
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	0	4		OMRI
21A	Nexter SC	11 to 17 oz	12	7		All motile stages. Replaces Nexter 75WP.
21A	Magister SC	32 to 36 oz	12	7	high

Insect: Plum curculio

Spray table for Insect: Plum curculio

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
1B	Imidan 70 WP	2.13-5.75 lb	7 days	7	high
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14	moderate	Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	?
4A	Actara	4.5-5.5 oz	12	35	high
4A	Belay	6 fl oz	12	7
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
28	Exirel	13.5-20.5 fl oz	12	3	moderate-high
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
-	Surround	50 lb	4	0	moderate
28	Altacor	2.5 to 4.5 oz	4	5
3, 28	*Besiege	6 to 12 fl oz	24	21
	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed

Insect: Obliquebanded leafroller

Spray table forInsect: Obliquebanded leafroller

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
1A	Lannate LV	1.5-3 pt	48	7	moderate
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28
4A	Belay	6-12 fl oz	12	7
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12
5	Delegate WG	4.5-7 oz	4	7	high
6	Proclaim	3.2-4.8 oz	12/48	14	high
11A	Dipel 10.3 DF	0.5-2 lb	4	0	high
18A	Intrepid 2F	8-16 fl oz	4	14	high
28	Belt	3-5 fl oz	12	14	high
28	Exirel	8.5-17 fl oz	12	3	moderate-high
28	Altacor	2.5 to 4.5 oz	4	5	high
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
NA	Spear-LEP	1 to 2 pt	4	0	?	max 6 pt per acre per season

Insect: San Jose scale

Spray table for Insect: San Jose scale

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
23/7C	Senstar	18 fl oz	24	45	high	No more than 2 applications per year. Minimum interval of 14 days.
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5-14 fl oz	4	14	high
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
* Restricted use material

7-Petal fall

Disease: Pear scab (and Fabraeae leaf spot)/Sooty blotch flyspeck/Rots

Spray table for Disease: Pear scab (and Fabraeae leaf spot)/Sooty blotch flyspeck/Rots

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
7	Aprovia	5.5 to 7 fl oz	12	30		pear scab only
11	FLINT Extra	2.5 to 2.9 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
11	Flint	2 to 2.5 oz	12	0		pear scab only
7	Fontelis	16-20 fl oz	12	28		pear scab only
3/9	Inspire Super	12 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Koverall	3 to 6 lb	24	77	high	watch rate and PHI
11/7	Luna Sensation	4 to 5.8 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
7/9	Luna Tranquility	11.2 to 16 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only; watch PHI
M3	Manzate Pro-Stick	3-6 lb	24	77		watch rate and PHI
11/7	Merivon	4-5.5 fl oz	12	0
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30		scab and SBFL only
M3	Penncozeb 75 DF	3.2-6.4 lb	24	77		watch rate and PHI
11/7	Pristine	14.5 to 18.5 oz	12	0
3	Procure	12 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
	Regalia	1 to 4 qt	4	0		sooty blotch/fly speck only
3	Rhyme	6.5 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
M3	Roper DF Rainshield	3-6 lb	24	77		watch rate and PHI
9	Scala SC	5 to 10 fl oz	12	72		pear scab only; watch PHI
11	Sovran	3.2 to 6.4 oz	12	30		pear scab only
NA	Syllit FL	3 pt	48	7		DANGER signal word
3	Trionic 4SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14		pear scab only
9	Vangard WG	3 to 5 oz	12	0
M3	Ziram 76 DF	6 lb	48	14		DANGER signal word
3	Cevya	3 to 5 oz	12	0

Disease: Powdery mildew

Spray table for Disease: Powdery mildew

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3	Trionic 4SC	8 to 16 fl oz	12	14
7	Miravis	3.4 fl oz	12	30

Disease: Fire blight

(only after hail or high wind and rain)

Spray table for Disease: Fire blight

FRAC	PRODUCT	RATE/ACRE	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
25	Agrimycin 17 WP	24-48 oz	12	50	high	plus 1 pt/100 gal Regulaid

 

Insect: Aphids

Spray table for Insect: Aphids

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12		see label re. warnings about phytotoxicity
4A	Actara	4.5 to 5.5 oz	12	35
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5 to 14 fl oz	4	14
4C	Transform WG	0.75 to 1. 5 oz	24	7
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
9D	Versys (Inscalis®)	1.5 fl oz	12	7	[HIGH]
23/7C	Senstar	12-18 fl oz	24	45	high	No more than 2 applications per year. Minimum interval of 14 days.

Insect: Codling moth

 

Spray table for Insect: Codling moth

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
1B	Imidan	2.125-5.75 lb	7 days	7	HIGH
3A	Brigade WSB	6.4 to 32 oz	12	14	MEDIUM	Do not apply more than 75 oz after petal fall
3A	Danitol	16-21.3 fl oz	24	14	MODERATE
3A, 6	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	MEDIUM
4A	Assail	4-8 oz	12	7	HIGH
4A	Belay	4-6 fl oz	12	7
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12		see label re. warnings about phytotoxicity
5	Delegate	4.5-7 oz	4	7	HIGH
22	Avaunt eVo	5-6 oz	12	28	MODERATE
28	Altacor	2.5-4.5 oz	4	5	HIGH
28	Belt	3-5 fl oz	12	14	HIGH
28	Exirel	8.5-17 fl oz	12	3
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
3, 28	*Besiege	6 to 12 fl oz	24	21
	Checkmate CM-F	2.4-4.8 fl oz	4	0	MODERATE	Mating disruption product.
	CIDETRAK® CMDA COMBO MESO-A	32-36 dispensers per acre	0	0		Mating disruption product for use in pear and apple. Best when deployed at bloom because dispensers last entire growing season.
	CIDETRAK® CMDA + LR MESO	32-36 dispensers per acre	0	0		Mating disruption product for codling moth AND obliquebanded leafroller for use in pear and apple. Not registered in all states. Best when deployed at bloom because dispensers last entire growing season.
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
NA	Spear-LEP	1 to 2 pt	4	0	?	max 6 pt per acre per season

Insect: Mites

 

Spray table for Insect: Mites

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14	MODERATE	Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	MEDIUM
6	Agri-Mek SC	2.25-4.25 fl oz	12	28	MODERATE-HIGH
6, 4A	Agri-Flex	1.5 to 2 oz	12	35		Must be used with NIS, COC, VOC, MSO wetting agent to avoid illegal residues.
10A	Apollo SC	4-8 oz	12	21	POOR-HIGH
10A	Savey	3-6 oz	12	28	POOR-HIGH
10B	Zeal	2-3 oz	12	14	HIGH
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2%	4	0		OMRI
25	Nealta Miticide	13.7 oz	12	7
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
21A	Magister SC	32 to 36 oz	12	7		Very effective on mites (all motile stages) and psylla
21A	Nexter SC	11 to 17 oz	12	7		All motile stages.
10A	Onager OPTEK	12 to 24 oz	12	28		Target eggs and immature motile mites

Insect: Obliquebanded & redbanded leafrollers

 

Spray table for Insect: Obliquebanded & redbanded leafrollers

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
	CIDETRAK® CMDA + LR MESO	32-36 dispensers per acre	0	0		Mating disruption product for obliquebanded leafroller  AND codling moth for use in pear and apple. Not registered in all states. Best when deployed at bloom because dispensers last entire growing season.
1B	Lannate LV	1.5-3 pt	48	7	moderate
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	MEDIUM
4A	Belay	6-12 fl oz	12	7
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12		see label re. warnings about phytotoxicity
5	Delegate	4.5-7 oz	4	7	high
6	Proclaim	3.2-4.8 oz	12/48	14	high
11	DiPel DF	0.5-2 lb	4	0	high
18	Intrepid 2F	8-16 fl oz	4	14	high
28	Altacor	2.5-4.5 oz	4	5	high
28	Belt SC	3-5 fl oz	12	14	high
28	Exirel	8.5-17 fl oz	12	3	?
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
3, 28	*Besiege	6 to 12 fl oz	24	21
22	Avaunt eVo	5 to 6 oz	12	28	?	redbanded leafroller only
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
NA	Spear-LEP	1 to 2 pt	4	0	?	max 6 pt per acre per season

Insect: Pear psylla

 

Spray table for Insect: Pear psylla

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Danitol 2.4 EC	16-21.3 fl oz	24	21	moderate
3A	Mustang Max 0.8 EC	1.28-4 fl oz	12	14	moderate
3A	Warrior 2.08 CS	1.28-2.56 fl oz	24	21	moderate
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	MEDIUM
4A	Actara	5.5 oz	12	35	high
4A	Assail 30 SG	4-8 oz	12	7	moderate
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12		see label re. warnings about phytotoxicity
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5-14 fl oz	4	14	high
4C	Transform WG	2.75 oz	24	14		suppression only
5	Delegate 25 WG	4.5-7 oz	4	7	high
16	Centaur 0.7 WDG	34.5-46 oz	12	3	high
21A	Portal 0.4 EC	2 pt	12	14
28	Exirel	13.5-20.5 fl oz	12	3
	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
	Surround 95 WP	25-50 lb	4	0	moderate	must maintain coverage
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
23/7C	Senstar	18 fl oz	24	45	high	No more than 2 applications per year. Minimum interval of 14 days.
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2 %	4	0		OMRI
21A	Magister SC	32 to 36 oz	12	7		Very effective on mites (all motile stages) and pear psylla

Insect: San Jose scale

 

Spray table for Insect: San Jose scale

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14		Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
4A	Admire Pro	2.8 fl oz	12	7	moderate
4A	Assail 30SG	8 oz	12	5	moderate
4A	Belay	6-12 fl oz	12	7
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12		see label re. warnings about phytotoxicity
4D	Sivanto Prime	10.5-14 fl oz	4	14	high
4C	Transform WG	2.75 oz	24	14		suppression only
7C	Esteem 35WP	4-5 oz	24	45	high
16	Centaur WDG	34.5-46 oz	12	14	high
23	Movento	6-9 fl oz	24	7	high
	Grandevo	2 to 3 lb	4	0		OMRI listed
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed
23/7C	Senstar	18 fl oz	24	45	high
NC	SuffOil-X	1 to 2 %	4	0		OMRI

Insect: Stink bugs (including BMSB)

 

Spray table for Insect: Stink bugs (including BMSB)

IRAC	Product	Rate/Acre	REI-hours	PHI-days	EFFICACY	COMMENTS
1A	Lannate LV	2.25 pt	96	7	high
3A	Brigade formulations	see label	12	14	high	Do not make applications less than 30 days apart.
3A	Danitol	10.7-21.3 fl oz	24	14	moderate
3A	Warrior II	1.28-2.56 fl oz	24	21	moderate
3A	Mustang Maxx	1.28 to 4 fl oz	12	14	MEDIUM
3A, 6	Gladiator	19 fl oz	12	28	MEDIUM
4A/15	Cormoran	20 to 28 fl oz	12	12		see label re. warnings about phytotoxicity
28	Verdepryn 100SL	5.5 to 11 oz	4	7
3, 28	*Besiege	6 to 12 fl oz	24	21
	Surround	25-50 lb	4	0	moderate	full-time coverage necessary
	Venerate XC	2 to 4 qt	4	0		OMRI listed

8-Additional summer sprays