Apricots

Written by: 
Section Editor: Mary Concklin, University of Connecticut

Insects

Diseases

Blossom blast/bacterial canker

Pseudomonas syringae

Ed. note. Much of this reprinted from The facts about bacterial blast: How to spot it, prevent & treat it by Kate Marshall, Nov 17 2015 https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/home-property/nz-gardener/74109095/null Bacterial/blossom blast/canker is particularly onerous in apricots, but also affects cherry. Peaches not so much. When growing apricots in New England, particular attention must be paid to this disease. JC


There are few diseases of fruit trees that can be as devastating as bacterial blast, the disease affecting stonefruit trees that is also known as Pseudomonas syringae, gummosis, bacterial canker or, simply, canker.

Plum, prune plum, apricot and cherry trees are most susceptible, though peach and nectarines trees, including dwarf types, can also be at risk.

Minor infections in branches can be controlled by hard pruning, but major trunk infections will often kill a tree.

IDENTIFICATION

Spring is the time of year when infections of bacterial blast can be most conspicuous, occurring on the branches, leaves and fruit.

Symptoms of the disease include branch dieback, rough, irregularly shaped cankers and amber-coloured gum – the most commonly noticed indicator. The oozing gum is filled with bacteria so is a source of further infection.

Sometimes stonefruit trees can leak sap that can be mistaken for bacterial blast. Take a whiff: if the gum smells sweet like golden syrup, then it is most likely the disease. If it has no aroma then it's probably just a bit of sap escaping.

Sometimes blossoms turn brown and cling on to the tree, leaves develop dark brown spots that drop out and fruitlets show sunken spots.

Sour sap is another term associated with this disease, where the branch or trunk exudes a sour odour from the fermentation of sugars by yeasts under the bark of the damaged area. 

LIFE CYCLE OF THE DISEASE

For infection and development of any disease to occur, three conditions need to be met.

First, the presence of inoculum, or bacteria. Second, the plant must be at the susceptible stage of growth – that is, flowering and leaf buds opening in spring. And third, the environment must be conducive. In the case of bacterial blast, this means cool and wet spring conditions. 

The bacteria can infect trees in autumn, often if there is a sharp, early cold period. Sometimes this can cause dieback on branches that is not visible (because the infection is beneath the bark). The bacteria then overwinter in cankers, in buds and within the tree. During wet patches in spring, the bacteria multiply, ooze from the branch cankers and are spread by rain. 

The bacteria enter the plant through natural openings such as emerging buds and through pruning and other wounds, which can be as small as leaf scars. 

Favourable conditions for bacteria spread and infections are frequent periods of rain, cool temperatures and strong wind. 

The disease stops further development when temperatures increase in late spring and throughout summer. 

PREVENTION

First, and most importantly, only plant healthy fruit trees. Inspect trees carefully upon receipt, you don't want to  introduce this disease to your orchard.

If there are any signs of gum oozing from the trunk – either fresh, or dry and hardened – disregard that tree and contact the nursery. Dieback of branches is more difficult to identify on young plants as bacterial blast, as this can sometimes also be caused by stress. Fruit trees that are growing strongly and healthily will be less susceptible to bacterial blast infection than weak or struggling trees.

Planting fruit trees in suitable sites with free-draining soil will encourage vigour and healthy growth. Provide the right kind of fertiliser and irrigation at the right times to encourage robust and productive growth.

Avoid overhead sprinklers for irrigation or frost control – the dispersal of water from a height can potentially drag bacteria down through the tree at the same time.  

And, apart from potassium/sulphate of potash, avoid fertilising fruit trees in late summer and into the autumn. The soft new growth that results will take longer to harden off and go into dormancy, creating more opportunities for bacterial infections over the autumn. 

Only prune your fruit trees during dry spells of weather – ideally, immediately after harvest. Tradition has it that winter pruning is best, but this is actually the worst time with a high risk of infections.

Whether pruning in summer or winter, always seal pruning wounds with a pruning paste, which encourages the cut to heal and provides an antibacterial and antifungal barrier.  

Prune trees to remove congested branches and to encourage air flow – a vase shape (or open centre form) is recommended for stonefruit trees. This also allows for better coverage when spraying.

Disinfect equipment between pruning each tree – whether the disease is evident or not – using bleach or methylated spirits. Keep a sprayer bottle of disinfectant along with a rag with your pruning gear so you don't forget.  

For most stonefruit trees, a spray programme is recommended to avoid problems such as leaf curl and brown rot. A copper-based fungicide applied in autumn and spring will also help to prevent the development of bacterial blast. 

TREATMENT

For infections that are contained to a branch or two, prune aggressively to about 10cm below the obvious signs of infection. You may see brown staining in the wood – keep pruning down the branch until there are no signs of the disease in the wood. Unfortunately this may destroy the tree's form, but it should save the tree.

Take care with pruning hygiene, along with destroying all prunings. This plant material would not make good compost or mulch!

A light summer application of copper fungicide wouldn't go amiss, with a stronger dose in autumn as the leaves start to fall in order to clean up stray bacteria and prevent overwintering. 

Bacterial blast infections in the trunk will often cause the death of the tree. Small infections may be able to be controlled by using a copper-based fungicide programme to prevent the multiplication and spread of the bacteria into other parts of the tree, or even to other healthy trees. 

More information

BACTERIAL DISEASES OF STONE FRUITS: SPOTS AND CANKERS (Presentation by Kari Peter at 2015 New England Vegetable & Fruit Conference)

Spray Table

1 - Late Dormant

DISEASE< FRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS
               

LATE DORMANT

Bacterial canker M1 Kocide 2000 6 to 12 lb 48 Bloom Excellent  
M1 Kocide 3000 3.5 to 7 lb 48 Bloom Excellent  
M1 Cuprofix Ultra 40 5 to 8 lb 48 Bloom Excellent  
M1 Badge SC 3.5 to 14 pt 48 Bloom Excellent  
M1 Badge X2 3.5 to 14 lb 48 Bloom Excellent OMRI
M1 Champ WG 8 to 16 lb 48     OMRI. Other copper formulations available
44 Serifel Biofungicide 4 to 16 oz 4 0   OMRI
UN pHorcepHite 2 to 4 qt 4 0   Suppression only
Leaf Curl M5 Oranil 6L 3.12 to 4.12 pt 12     Best if applied before bud swell or late fall
Phytophthora root, crown and collar rot 4 Ridomil Gold SL 2 qt 48 0   Soil application. Apply in spring before growth starts or 2 weeks after planting
33 Prophyt 2 pt 4 0   Spray solution should have a pH of greater than 5.5. Repeat on 60 day interval as needed
  UN RootShield PLUS WP 16 to 32 oz 4 0   In furrow spray or transplant starter solution
PEST IRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS
European red mite   Oil 8 to 12 gal 4 0 Excellent OMRI
Scale: European fruit lecanium, San Jose   Oil 8 to 12 gal 4 0 Excellent OMRI
4A Assail 30SC 5.3 to 8 oz 12 14 Excellent Addition of oil improves efficacy
7C Esteem 35WP 4 ot 5 oz 12 14 Excellent Addition of oil improves efficacy
16 Centaur 0.7WDG 34.5 oz 12 14 Excellent  
NC SuffOil-X 1 to 2 % by volume 4 0   OMRI

 

2 - Popcorn

DISEASE FRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS

POPCORN

Brown rot/Blossom blight 1

Topsin M

Topsin 4.5FL

1 to 1.5 lb

20 to 30 fl oz

48 1    
M1 Badge SC 3.5 to 5 pt 48 Bloom    
M1 Badge X2 3.5 to 5 lb 48 Bloom   OMRI
2 Meteor 4F 1 to 2 pt 24 Petal fall    
2 Rovral 4F 1 to 2 pt 24 Petal fall    
3 Indar 2F 6 fl oz 12 0    
3 Quash 2.5 to 3.5 oz 12 14    
3 Rally 40WSP 2.5 to 6 oz 24 0    
3 Rhyme 7 fl oz 12 7    
3 Tilt 4 fl oz 12 0    
3 Cevya 3 to 5 fl oz 12 0    
4

Captan 50WP

Captan 80WDG

Captec 4L

3 to 5 lb

1.9 to 3.1 lb

2 to 2.5 qt

24 0    
M5

Bravo WeatherStik

Bravo Ultrex

3 to 4 pt

 

2.8 to 3.8 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5

Echo 720

Echo 90DF

3 to 4 lb

2.25 to 3.5 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5 Oranil 6L 3.12 to 4.12 pt 12 Shuck split    
7 Fontelis SC 14 to 20 fl oz 12 0    
7 Miravis 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz 12 0 Supplemental label  
9 Scala SC 9 lb (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) 12 2    
11 Aframe 12 to 15.5 fl oz 4 0    
11 Flint Xtra 3.8 fl oz 12 1 Good  
17 Elevate 50WD

1.5 lb (alone)

1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed)

12 0    
3, 7 Luna Experience 6 to 10 fl oz 12 0 Excellent  
3, 9 Inspire Super 16 to 20 fl oz 12 2    
3, 11 Topguard EQ 6 to 8 fl oz 12 7    
7, 11 Luna Sensation 5 to 7.6 fl oz 12 1 Excellent  
7, 11 Merivon 4 to 6.7 fl oz 12 0    
7, 11 Pristine 10.5 to 14.5 oz 12 0    
44 Serifel Biofundgicide 4 to 16 oz 4 0   OMRI
PEST IRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS
Tarnished plant bug 3A Asana XL 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz 12 14    
3A Baythroid XL 2 to 2.4 fl oz 12 7    
3A BotaniGard MAXX .25 to 2 qt 12 0    
3A Warrior II 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz 24 14    
4A Actara 4.5 to 5.5 oz 12 14    
4A Assail 30SG 5.3 to 8 oz 12 7    
9C Beleaf 50SG 2 to 2.8 oz 12 14    
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5 to 5.5 fl oz 24 14    
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7    
3A, 28 Voliam Xpress 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14    
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14    
UN BotaniGard ES 0.5 to 2 qt 4 0    

 

3 - Bloom

               
DISEASE FRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS

BLOOM

Brown rot/Blossom blight 1

Topsin M

Topsin 4.5FL

1 to 1.5 lb

 

20 to 30 fl oz

48 1    
M1 Badge SC 3.5 to 5 pt 48

Bloom

   
M1 Badge X2 3.5 to 5 lb 48 Bloom   OMRI
2 Meteor 4F 1 to 2 pt 24 Petal fall    
2 Rovral 4F 1 to 2 pt 24 Petal fall    
3 Indar 2F 6 fl oz 12 0    
3 Quash 2.5 to 3.5 oz 12 14    
3 Rally 40WSP 2.5 to 6 oz 24 0    
3 Rhyme 7 fl oz 12 7    
3 Tilt 4 fl oz 12 0    
3 Cevya 3 to 5 fl oz 12 0    
4

Captan 50WP

Captan 80WDG

Captec 4L

3 to 5 lb

1.9 to 3.1 lb

2 to 2.5 qt

24 0    
M5

Bravo WeatherStik

Bravo Ultrex

3 to 4 ot

2.8 to 3.8 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5

Echo 720

Echo 90DF

3 to 4 lb

2.25 to 3.5 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5 Oranil 6L 3.12 to 4.12 pt 12 Shuck split    
7 Fontelis SC 14 to 20 fl oz 12 0    
7 Miravis 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz 4 0    
9 Scala SC 9 lb (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) 12 2    
11 Aframe 12 to 15.5 fl oz 4 0    
11 Flint Xtra 3.8 fl oz 12 1 Good  
17 Elevate 50WD

1.5 lb (alone)

1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed)

12 0    
3, 7 Luna Experience 5 to 10 fl oz 12 0 Excellent  
3, 9 Inspire Super 16 to 20 fl oz 12 2    
3, 11 Topguard EQ 6 to 8 fl oz 12 7    
7, 11 Luna Sensation 5 to 7.6 fl oz 12 1 Excellent  
7, 11 Merivon 4 to 6.7 fl oz 12 0 Excellent  
7, 11 Pristine 10.5 to 14.5 oz 12 0    
44 Serifel Biofungicide 4 to 16 oz 4 0   OMRI
UN BotryStop 2 to 4 lb 4 0   OMRI

 

4 - Petal Fall

DISEASE FRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS

PETAL FALL

Brown rot 1

Topsin M

Topsin 4.5FL

1 to 1.5 lb

20 to 30 fl oz

48 1    
2 Meteor 4F 1 to 2 pt 24 Petal fall    
2 Rovral 4F 1 to 2 pt 24 Petal fall    
3 Indar 2F 6 fl oz 12 0    
3 Quash 2.5 to 3.5 oz 12 14    
3 Rally 40WSP 2.5 5o 6 oz 24 0    
3 Rhyme 4 to 6.5 fl oz 12 7    
3 Tilt 4 fl oz 12 0    
3 Cevya 3 to 5 fl oz 12 0    
4

Captan 50W

Captan 80WDG

Captec 4L

3 to 5 lb

1.9 to 3.1 lb

2 to 2.5 qt

24 0    
M5

Bravo WeatherStik

Bravo Ultrex

3 to 4 pt

2.8 to 38 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5

Echo 720

Echo 90DF

3 to 4 lb

2.35 to 3.5 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5 Oranil 6L 3.12 to 4.12 pt 12 Shuck split    
7 Fontelis SC 14 to 20 fl oz 12 0    
7 Miravis 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz 4 0 Supplemental label  
9 Scala SC 9 fl oz (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) 12 2    
11 Aframe 12 to 15.5 fl oz 4 0    
11 Flint Xtra 3.8 fl oz 12 1 Good  
17 Elevate 50WD

1.5 lb (alone)

1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed)

12 0    
3, 7 Luna Experience 6 to 10 fl oz 12 0 Excellent  
3, 9 Inspire Super 16 to 20 fl oz 12 2    
3, 11 Topguard EQ 6 to 8 fl oz 12 7    
7, 11 Luna Sensation 5 to 7.6 fl oz 12 1 Excellent  
7, 11 Merivon 4 to 6.7 fl oz 12 0    
7, 11 Pristine 10.5 to 14.5 oz 12 0    
44 Serifel Biofungicide 4 to 16 oz 4 0   OMRI
PEST IRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS
Plum curculio 1A

Sevin XLR

Sevin 4F

2 to 3 qt 12 3    
1B Imidan 70W 2.1 to 4.25 lb 7 day 14    
3A Baythroid XL 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7    
4A Actara 4.5 to 5.5 oz 12 14 Excellent  
21A Apta 21 to 27 fl oz 12 14    
22A Avaunt 5 to 6 oz 12 14 Excellent  
28 Exirel 13.5 to 20.5 fl oz 12 3 Excellent  
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 6 Gladiator EC 19 fl oz 12 21 Good Best used when multiple pests are present
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 28 Voliam Xpress 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 15 Cormoran 20 to 28 oz 12 8   Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 28 Voliam Flexi 4 to 7 oz 12 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
28, 6 Minecto Pro 10 to 12 fl oz 12 21 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
Peachtree borer and Lesser peachtree borer  

Pheromone mating disrupters:

Isomate PTB Dual

150 to 250 ties 0 0 Excellent OMRI. Hang pheromone traps to monior populations
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14    
Tarnished plant bug 3A Asana XL 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz 12 14 Excellent  
3A Baythroid XL 2 to 2.4 fl oz 12 7 Excellent  
3A BotaniGard MAXX 0.25 to 2 qt 12 0 Good  
3A Warrior II 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz 24 14 Excellent  
4A Actara 4.5 to 5.5 oz 12 14 Excellent  
4A Assail 30SG 5.3 to 8 oz 12 7 Excellent  
9C Beleaf 50SG 2 to 2.8 oz 12 14 Excellent  
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5 to 5.5 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 6 Gladiator EC 19 fl oz 12 21 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
  3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14    
  UN BotaniGard ES 0.5 to 2 qt 4 0    

 

5 - Shuck Split

DISEASE FRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS

SHUCK SPLIT

Brown rot 1

Topsin M

Topsin 4.5FL

1 to 1.5 lb

20 to 30 fl oz

48 1    
3 Indar 2F 6 fl oz 12 0    
3 Quash 2.5 to 3.5 oz 12 14    
3 Rally 40WSP 2.5 to 6 oz 24 0    
3 Rhyme 4 to 6.5 fl oz 12 7    
4

Captan 50WP

Captan 80WDG

Captec 4L

3 to 5 lb

1.9 to 3.1 lb

2 to 2.5 qt

24 0    
M5

Bravo WeatherStik

Bravo Ultrex

3 to 4 pt

2.8 to 3.8 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5

Echo 720

Echo 90DF

3 to 4 lb

25 to 3.5 lb

24

Shuck split

   
M5 Oranil 6L 3.12 to 4.12 pt 12 Shuck split    
7 Fontelis SC 14 to 20 fl oz 12 0    
9 Scala SC

9 fl oz (alone)

9 to 18 oz (tank mixed)

12 2    
11 Aframe 12 to 15.5 fl oz 4 0    
17 Elevate 50WD

1.5 lb (alone)

1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed)

12 0    
3, 7 Luna Experience 6 to 10 fl oz 12 0 Excellent  
3, 9 Inspire Super 16 to 20 fl oz 12 2    
3, 11 Topguard EQ 6 to 8 fl oz 12 7    
7, 11 Luna Sensation 5 to 7.6 fl oz 12 1 Excellent  
7, 11 Merivon 4 to 6.7 fl oz 12 0 Excellent  
7, 11 Pristine 10.5 to 14.5 oz 12 0    
44 Serifel Biofungicide 4 to 16 oz 4 0   OMRI
Peach Scab 3 Rally 40WSP 2.5 to 6 oz 24 0    
4

Captan 50W

Captan 80WDG

Captec 4L

3 to 5 lb

1.9 to 3.1 lb

2 to 2.5 qt

24 0    
M5

Bravo WeatherStik

Bravo Ultrex

3 to 4 pt

2.8 to 3.8 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5

Echo 720

Echo 90DF

3 to 4 lb

2.25 to 3.5 lb

12 Shuck split    
M5 Oranil 6L 3.12 to 4.12 pt 12 Shuck split    
7 Fontelis 14 to 20 fl oz 12 0    
11 Aframe 12 to 15.5 fl oz 4 0    
11 Gem 500SC 1.9 to 3.8 fl oz 12 1   Product discontinued. Use up inventory.
11 Flint Xtra 2.5 to 3.8 fl oz 12 1 Excellent  
3, 7 Luna Experience 8 to 10 fl oz 12 0    
3, 9 Inspire Super 16 to 20 fl oz 12 2    
3, 11 Topguard EQ 6 to 8 fl oz 12 7    
7, 11 Luna Sensation 5 to 7.6 fl oz 12 1    
7, 11 Pristine 10.5 to 14.5 oz 12 0    
Pest IRAC Product rate/acre rei-hour phi-day efficacy comments
Plum curculio 1B Imidan 70 W 2.13 to 4.25 lb 7 day       14 Excellent  
3A Baythroid XL 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 9 Excellent  
4A Actara 4.5 to 5.5 oz 12 14 Excellent  
22 Avaunt 30 EDG 5 to 6 oz 12 14 Excellent  
28 Exirel 13.5 to 20.5 fl oz 12 3 Excellent  
3A, 6 Gladiator EC 19 fl oz 12 21 Good  
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14 Excellent  
4A, 3A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent  
4A, 28 Volium Flexi 6 to 7 oz 12 14 Excellent  
28, 6 Minecto Pro 10 to 12 fl oz 12 21 Excellent  

 

6 - Summer

DISEASE FRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS
               

SUMMER

Brown rot 1

Topsin M

Topsin 4.5FL

1 to 1.5 lb

20 to 30 fl oz

48 1    
3 Indar 2F 6 fl oz 12 0    
3 Quash 2.5 to 3.5 oz 12 14    
3 Rally 40WSP 2.5 to 6 oz 12 14    
3 Rhyme 4 to 6.5 fl oz 12 7    
3 Tilt 4 fl oz 12 0    
3 Cevya 3 to 5 fl oz 12 0    
4

Captan 50WP

Captan 80WDG

Captec 4L

3 to 5 lb

1.9 to 3.1 lb

2 to 2.5 qt

24 0    
7 Fontelis SC 14 to 20 fl oz 12 0    
7 Miravis 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz 4 0   Supplemental label
9 Scala SC 9 fl oz (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) 12 2    
11 Aframe 12 to 15.5 fl oz 4 0    
17 Elevate 50WD

1.5 lb (alone)

1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed)

12 0    
3, 7 Luna Experience 6 to 10 fl oz 12 0    
3, 9 Inspire Super 16 to 20 fl oz 12 2    
3, 11 Topguard EQ 6 to 8 fl oz 12 7    
7, 11 Luna Sensation 5 to 7.6 fl oz 12 1    
7, 11 Merivon 4 to 6.7 fl oz 12 0    
7, 11 Pristine 10.5 to 14.5 oz 12 0    
44 Serifel Biofungicide 4 to 16 oz 4 0   OMRI
Powdery mildrew UN SulfoMEX 3 to 6 pt 24 0    
3, 7 Luna Experience 6 to 10 fl oz 12 0 Excellent  
PEST IRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS
European red mite, Twospotted spider mite UN Acramite 50WS 0.75  1 lb 12 3    
UN Banter SC 12 to 16 fl oz 12 3   1 application per year
UN Des-X 2% vol 12 0   OMRI
UN PFR-97 1 to 2 lb 4 0   OMRI
UN AzaGuard 10 to 16 fl oz 4 0   OMRI
6 Agri-Mek 2.2 to 4.2 fl oz 12 21    
10 Apollo 4SC 2 to 8 oz 12 21 Excellent  
10A Onager OPTEK 12 to 24 oz 12 7 Excellent  
10B Zeal 72WS 2 to 3 oz 12 7 Excellent  
20D Banter WDG 0.75 to 1 lb 12 3   1 application per year
21A Nexter SC 7.5 to 17 oz 12 7   All motile stages
21A Portal 2 pt 12 365 Excellent Non-bearing only
23 Envidor 2SC 16 to 18 fl oz 12 7    
25 Nealta 13.7 fl oz 12 7    
3A, 6 Gladiator EC 19 fl oz 12 21 Good

Best used when multiple pests are present

21A, 39 Magister SC 32 to 36 oz 12 3 Excellent All motile stages
28, 6 Minecto Pro 8 to 12 fl oz 12 21 Good Best used when multiple pests are present
Japanese beetle 1A

Sevin XLR

Sevin 4F

2 to 3 qt 12 3 Excellent  
1B Imidan 70W 2.1 to 4.25 lb 7 day 14 Excellent  
4A Admire Pro 1.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 0 Good  
4A Assail 30SG 5.3 to 8 oz 12 7 Excellent  
28 Exirel 13.5 to 20.5 fl oz 12 3 Excellent  
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5 to 5.5 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 28 Voliam Xpress 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14   Best used when multiple pests are present
28, 6 Minecto Pro 10 to 12 gl oz 12 21 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
UN Molt-X 8 to 10 fl oz 4 0   OMRI
Scale: Lecanium, San Jose UN AzaGuard 10 to 16 fl oz 4 0   OMRI
UN Des-X 2% vol 12 0   OMRI
UN Grandevo DF 3 lb 4 0   OMRI
UN Venerate XC 1 to 8 qt 4 0   OMRI
NC SuffOil-X 1 to 2% by volume 4 0   OMRI
4A Assail 30SG 5.3 to 8 oz 12 7 Good  
7C Esteem 35WP 4 to 5 oa 12 14 Excellent  
16 Centaur 0.7WDG 34.5 to 46 oz 12 14 Excellent  
23 Movento SC 6 to 9 fl oz 24 7 Excellent  
4A, 3A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Good Best used when multiple pests are present
  23, 7C Senstar 12 to 18 fl oz 24 14   Do not apply until after petal fall
Oriental fruit moth  

Pheromone mating disrupters: Isomate CM/OFM TT

Isomate OFM TT

200 to 350 dispensers

 

100 to 300 dispensers

 

0 0 Excellent OMRI. Hang pheromone traps to monitor pest populations
UN Grandevo 1 to 3 lb 4 0 Good OMRI
UN Madex HP 0.5 to 3 oz 4 0 Good OMRI
UN Venerate 1 to 4 qt 4 0 Good OMRI
1A

Sevin SLR Plus

Sevin 4F

2 to 3 qt 12 3 Good  
3A Asana XL 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz 12 14 Good  
3A Baythroid XL 2 to 2.4 fl oz 12 7 Good  
3A Danitol 2.4EC 10.7 to 21.3 fl oz 24 3 Good  
3A Warrior II 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz 24 14 Good  
4A Assail 30SG 5.3 to 8 oz 12 7 Excellent  
5 Delegate 25WG 6 to 7 oz 4 14 Excellent  
5 Entrust 80WP 1.25 to 2.5 oz 4 14 Good OMRI
11 Deliver 0.5 to 2 lb 4 0   OMRI
15 Rimon 0.83EC 20 to 40 fl oz 12 8    
18 Intrepid 2F 10 to 16 fl oz 4 7    
22A Avaunt 30WDG 6 oz 12 14    
28 Altacor 35WDG 3 to 4.5 oz 4 10 Excellent  
28 Exirel 10 to 20.5 fl oz 12 3 Excellent  
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5 to 5.5 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 6 Gladiator EC 19 fl oz 12 21 Good Best used when multiple pests are present
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 28 Voliam Xpress 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14   Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 3A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 15 Cormoran 20 to 28 oz 12 8   Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 28 Voliam Flexi 4 to 7 oz 12 14   Best used when multiple pests are present
28, 6 Minecto Pro 8 to 12 fl oz 12 21 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
Peachtree borer, Lesser peachtree borer UN Isomate PTB Dual 150 to 250 dispensers 0 0 Excellent  
3A Asana XL 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz 12 14 Excellent  
3A Baythroid XL 1.4 to 2 fl oz 12 7 Excellent  
3A Warrior II 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz 24 14 Excellent  
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5 to 5.5 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 28 Voliam Xpress 6 to 12 oz 24 14   Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 15 Cormoran 20 to 28 fl oz 12 8   Best used when multiple pests are present
UN Molt-X 8 to 10 fl oz 4 0   OMRI
UN AzaGuard 10 to 16 fl oz 4 0   OMRI
Spotted wing drosophila 1B Diazinon AG500 1 pt/100 4 day 21 Good  
1B Imidan 70W 2.1 to 4.25 lb 7 day 14 Excellent  
1B Malathion 5EC 2 pt 12 6 Good  
3 Lambda-Cy EC 2.5 to 5.1 fl oz 24 14 Good/Exc  
3A Asana XL 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz 12 14 Excellent  
3A Baythroid XL 2.4 to 2.8 oz 12 7 Excellent  
3A Danitol 2.4EC 10.6 to 21.3 fl oz 24 3 Excellent  
3A Mustang Maxx 4 oz 12 14 Excellent  
3A Pyganic 1 pt to 2 qt 12 0 Poor OMRI
4A Admire Pro 1.4 to 2.8 oz 12 0 Good  
4A Assail 30SG 5.3 to 8 oz 12 7 Fair/Good  
5 Delegate 6 to 7 oz 4 14 Good/Exc  
5 Entrust SC 4 to 8 fl oz 4 14 Good OMRI
28 Exirel 13.5 to 20.5 oz 12 3 Excellent  
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5.5 to 6 fl oz 24 7 Good  
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
28, 6 Minecto Pro 10 to 12 fl oz 12 21 Excellent  
UN Grandevo 2 to 3 lb 4 0 Poor OMRI
UN Surround 25 to 50 lb 4 0 Suppression only OMRI
UN BioCeres WP 1 to 3 lbs 4 0   OMRI
Stink bugs including Brown Marmorated stink bug 3A Asana XL 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz 12 14 Good  
3A Baythroid XL 2 to 2.4 fl oz 12 7 Good  
3A Danitol 2.4EC 10.7 to 21.3 fl oz 24 3 Good  
3A Warrior II 1.28 to 2.5 fl oz 24 14 Good  
4A Actara 25WDG 4.5 to 5.5 oz 12 14 Good  
15 Rimon 0.83EC 20 to 40 fl oz 12 8    
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5 to 5.5 fl oz 24 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 6 Gladiator 19 fl oz 12 21 Good Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 28 Voliam Xpress 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14 Good Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 15 Cormoran 20 to 28 oz 12 8   Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 28 Voliam Flexi 6 to 7 fl oz 12 14 Good Best used when multiple pests are present
UN Aza-Direct 1 to 3.5 pt 4 0   OMRI
Tarnished plant bug 3A Asana XL 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz 12 14 Excellent  
3A Baythroid XL 2 to 2.4 fl oz 12 7 Excellent  
3A BotaniGard MAXX 0.25 to 2 qt 12 0   Use in spray mixture at pH 5.5-7.0. Spray to wet but avoid runoff
3A Danitol 2.4EC 10.7 to 21.3 fl oz 24 3 Excellent  
3A Warrior II 1.3 to 2.5 fl oz 24 14 Excellent  
4A Actara 4.5 to 5.5 oz 12 14 Excellent 35-day PHI for apple and pear.
4A Assail 30SG 5.3 to 8 oz 12 7 Good  
9 Beleaf 50SG 2 to 2.8 oz 12 14 Excellent  
3A, 4A Endigo ZC 5 to 5.5 fl oz 24 14   Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 4A Leverage 360 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz 12 7 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3, 28 Besiege 6 to 12 fl oz 24 12 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
3A, 28 Voliam Xpress 6 to 12 fl oz 24 14   Best used when multiple pests are present
4A, 28 Voliam Flexi 4 to 7 oz 12 14 Excellent Best used when multiple pests are present
  UN BotaniGard ES 0.5 to 2 qt 4 0    

 

7 - Post-Harvest

PEST IRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours PHI-days EFFICACY COMMENTS

POST-HARVEST

European red mite, Two spotted spider mite 10A Onager OPTEK 12 to 24 oz 12 7   Eggs & immature motile mites
21A Nexter SC 7.5 to 17 oz 12 7 Excellent  
21A, 39 Magister SC 32 to 36 oz 12 3 Excellent All motile stages
UN AzaGuard 10 to 16 fl oz 4 0   OMRI
NC SuffOil-X 1 to 2% by volume 4 0   OMRI
Phythophthora rots 33 Prophyt 2 pt 4 0 Excellent  

 

8 - Storage Disorders

DISEASE FRAC Product Rate/100 gal COMMENTS

STORAGE DISORDERS

Storage rots 12 Scholar SC 16 fl oz  

 

9 - Autumn

DISEASE FRAC Product Rate/Acre REI-hours EFFICACY COMMENTS

AUTUMN

Bacterial canker M1 Champ WG 5 to 8 lb 48 Excellent OMRI
M1 Cuprofix Ultra 5 to 7 lb 48 Excellent  
M1 Kocide 2000 6 to 12 lb 48 Excellent  
M1 Kocide 3000 3.5 to 7 lb 48 Excellent  
M1 other organic products       OMRI
UN pHorcepHite 2 to 4 qt 4