Ed. note. Much of this reprinted from The facts about bacterial blast: How to spot it, prevent & treat it by Kate Marshall, Nov 17 2015 https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/home-property/nz-gardener/74109095/null Bacterial/blossom blast/canker is particularly onerous in apricots, but also affects cherry. Peaches not so much. When growing apricots in New England, particular attention must be paid to this disease. JC
There are few diseases of fruit trees that can be as devastating as bacterial blast, the disease affecting stonefruit trees that is also known as Pseudomonas syringae, gummosis, bacterial canker or, simply, canker.
Plum, prune plum, apricot and cherry trees are most susceptible, though peach and nectarines trees, including dwarf types, can also be at risk.
Minor infections in branches can be controlled by hard pruning, but major trunk infections will often kill a tree.
Spring is the time of year when infections of bacterial blast can be most conspicuous, occurring on the branches, leaves and fruit.
Symptoms of the disease include branch dieback, rough, irregularly shaped cankers and amber-coloured gum – the most commonly noticed indicator. The oozing gum is filled with bacteria so is a source of further infection.
Sometimes stonefruit trees can leak sap that can be mistaken for bacterial blast. Take a whiff: if the gum smells sweet like golden syrup, then it is most likely the disease. If it has no aroma then it's probably just a bit of sap escaping.
Sometimes blossoms turn brown and cling on to the tree, leaves develop dark brown spots that drop out and fruitlets show sunken spots.
Sour sap is another term associated with this disease, where the branch or trunk exudes a sour odour from the fermentation of sugars by yeasts under the bark of the damaged area.
For infection and development of any disease to occur, three conditions need to be met.
First, the presence of inoculum, or bacteria. Second, the plant must be at the susceptible stage of growth – that is, flowering and leaf buds opening in spring. And third, the environment must be conducive. In the case of bacterial blast, this means cool and wet spring conditions.
The bacteria can infect trees in autumn, often if there is a sharp, early cold period. Sometimes this can cause dieback on branches that is not visible (because the infection is beneath the bark). The bacteria then overwinter in cankers, in buds and within the tree. During wet patches in spring, the bacteria multiply, ooze from the branch cankers and are spread by rain.
The bacteria enter the plant through natural openings such as emerging buds and through pruning and other wounds, which can be as small as leaf scars.
Favourable conditions for bacteria spread and infections are frequent periods of rain, cool temperatures and strong wind.
The disease stops further development when temperatures increase in late spring and throughout summer.
First, and most importantly, only plant healthy fruit trees. Inspect trees carefully upon receipt, you don't want to introduce this disease to your orchard.
If there are any signs of gum oozing from the trunk – either fresh, or dry and hardened – disregard that tree and contact the nursery. Dieback of branches is more difficult to identify on young plants as bacterial blast, as this can sometimes also be caused by stress. Fruit trees that are growing strongly and healthily will be less susceptible to bacterial blast infection than weak or struggling trees.
Planting fruit trees in suitable sites with free-draining soil will encourage vigour and healthy growth. Provide the right kind of fertiliser and irrigation at the right times to encourage robust and productive growth.
Avoid overhead sprinklers for irrigation or frost control – the dispersal of water from a height can potentially drag bacteria down through the tree at the same time.
And, apart from potassium/sulphate of potash, avoid fertilising fruit trees in late summer and into the autumn. The soft new growth that results will take longer to harden off and go into dormancy, creating more opportunities for bacterial infections over the autumn.
Only prune your fruit trees during dry spells of weather – ideally, immediately after harvest. Tradition has it that winter pruning is best, but this is actually the worst time with a high risk of infections.
Whether pruning in summer or winter, always seal pruning wounds with a pruning paste, which encourages the cut to heal and provides an antibacterial and antifungal barrier.
Prune trees to remove congested branches and to encourage air flow – a vase shape (or open centre form) is recommended for stonefruit trees. This also allows for better coverage when spraying.
Disinfect equipment between pruning each tree – whether the disease is evident or not – using bleach or methylated spirits. Keep a sprayer bottle of disinfectant along with a rag with your pruning gear so you don't forget.
For most stonefruit trees, a spray programme is recommended to avoid problems such as leaf curl and brown rot. A copper-based fungicide applied in autumn and spring will also help to prevent the development of bacterial blast.
For infections that are contained to a branch or two, prune aggressively to about 10cm below the obvious signs of infection. You may see brown staining in the wood – keep pruning down the branch until there are no signs of the disease in the wood. Unfortunately this may destroy the tree's form, but it should save the tree.
Take care with pruning hygiene, along with destroying all prunings. This plant material would not make good compost or mulch!
A light summer application of copper fungicide wouldn't go amiss, with a stronger dose in autumn as the leaves start to fall in order to clean up stray bacteria and prevent overwintering.
Bacterial blast infections in the trunk will often cause the death of the tree. Small infections may be able to be controlled by using a copper-based fungicide programme to prevent the multiplication and spread of the bacteria into other parts of the tree, or even to other healthy trees.
DISEASE< | FRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacterial canker | M1 | Kocide 2000 | 6 to 12 lb | 48 | Bloom | Excellent | |
M1 | Kocide 3000 | 3.5 to 7 lb | 48 | Bloom | Excellent | ||
M1 | Cuprofix Ultra 40 | 5 to 8 lb | 48 | Bloom | Excellent | ||
M1 | Badge SC | 3.5 to 14 pt | 48 | Bloom | Excellent | ||
M1 | Badge X2 | 3.5 to 14 lb | 48 | Bloom | Excellent | OMRI | |
M1 | Champ WG | 8 to 16 lb | 48 | OMRI. Other copper formulations available | |||
44 | Serifel Biofungicide | 4 to 16 oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
UN | pHorcepHite | 2 to 4 qt | 4 | 0 | Suppression only | ||
Leaf Curl | M5 | Oranil 6L | 3.12 to 4.12 pt | 12 | Best if applied before bud swell or late fall | ||
Phytophthora root, crown and collar rot | 4 | Ridomil Gold SL | 2 qt | 48 | 0 | Soil application. Apply in spring before growth starts or 2 weeks after planting | |
33 | Prophyt | 2 pt | 4 | 0 | Spray solution should have a pH of greater than 5.5. Repeat on 60 day interval as needed | ||
UN | RootShield PLUS WP | 16 to 32 oz | 4 | 0 | In furrow spray or transplant starter solution |
PEST | IRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European red mite | Oil | 8 to 12 gal | 4 | 0 | Excellent | OMRI | |
Scale: European fruit lecanium, San Jose | Oil | 8 to 12 gal | 4 | 0 | Excellent | OMRI | |
4A | Assail 30SC | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | Addition of oil improves efficacy | |
7C | Esteem 35WP | 4 ot 5 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | Addition of oil improves efficacy | |
16 | Centaur 0.7WDG | 34.5 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
NC | SuffOil-X | 1 to 2 % by volume | 4 | 0 | OMRI |
DISEASE | FRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown rot/Blossom blight | 1 |
Topsin M Topsin 4.5FL |
1 to 1.5 lb 20 to 30 fl oz |
48 | 1 | ||
M1 | Badge SC | 3.5 to 5 pt | 48 | Bloom | |||
M1 | Badge X2 | 3.5 to 5 lb | 48 | Bloom | OMRI | ||
2 | Meteor 4F | 1 to 2 pt | 24 | Petal fall | |||
2 | Rovral 4F | 1 to 2 pt | 24 | Petal fall | |||
3 | Indar 2F | 6 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Quash | 2.5 to 3.5 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
3 | Rally 40WSP | 2.5 to 6 oz | 24 | 0 | |||
3 | Rhyme | 7 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
3 | Tilt | 4 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Cevya | 3 to 5 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
4 |
Captan 50WP Captan 80WDG Captec 4L |
3 to 5 lb 1.9 to 3.1 lb 2 to 2.5 qt |
24 | 0 | |||
M5 |
Bravo WeatherStik Bravo Ultrex |
3 to 4 pt
2.8 to 3.8 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 |
Echo 720 Echo 90DF |
3 to 4 lb 2.25 to 3.5 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 | Oranil 6L | 3.12 to 4.12 pt | 12 | Shuck split | |||
7 | Fontelis SC | 14 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
7 | Miravis | 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Supplemental label | ||
9 | Scala SC | 9 lb (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) | 12 | 2 | |||
11 | Aframe | 12 to 15.5 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |||
11 | Flint Xtra | 3.8 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Good | ||
17 | Elevate 50WD |
1.5 lb (alone) 1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed) |
12 | 0 | |||
3, 7 | Luna Experience | 6 to 10 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Excellent | ||
3, 9 | Inspire Super | 16 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 2 | |||
3, 11 | Topguard EQ | 6 to 8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
7, 11 | Luna Sensation | 5 to 7.6 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Excellent | ||
7, 11 | Merivon | 4 to 6.7 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
7, 11 | Pristine | 10.5 to 14.5 oz | 12 | 0 | |||
44 | Serifel Biofundgicide | 4 to 16 oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI |
PEST | IRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tarnished plant bug | 3A | Asana XL | 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz | 12 | 14 | ||
3A | Baythroid XL | 2 to 2.4 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
3A | BotaniGard MAXX | .25 to 2 qt | 12 | 0 | |||
3A | Warrior II | 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz | 24 | 14 | |||
4A | Actara | 4.5 to 5.5 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
4A | Assail 30SG | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 7 | |||
9C | Beleaf 50SG | 2 to 2.8 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5 to 5.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | |||
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
3A, 28 | Voliam Xpress | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | |||
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | |||
UN | BotaniGard ES | 0.5 to 2 qt | 4 | 0 |
DISEASE | FRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown rot/Blossom blight | 1 |
Topsin M Topsin 4.5FL |
1 to 1.5 lb
20 to 30 fl oz |
48 | 1 | ||
M1 | Badge SC | 3.5 to 5 pt | 48 |
Bloom |
|||
M1 | Badge X2 | 3.5 to 5 lb | 48 | Bloom | OMRI | ||
2 | Meteor 4F | 1 to 2 pt | 24 | Petal fall | |||
2 | Rovral 4F | 1 to 2 pt | 24 | Petal fall | |||
3 | Indar 2F | 6 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Quash | 2.5 to 3.5 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
3 | Rally 40WSP | 2.5 to 6 oz | 24 | 0 | |||
3 | Rhyme | 7 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
3 | Tilt | 4 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Cevya | 3 to 5 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
4 |
Captan 50WP Captan 80WDG Captec 4L |
3 to 5 lb 1.9 to 3.1 lb 2 to 2.5 qt |
24 | 0 | |||
M5 |
Bravo WeatherStik Bravo Ultrex |
3 to 4 ot 2.8 to 3.8 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 |
Echo 720 Echo 90DF |
3 to 4 lb 2.25 to 3.5 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 | Oranil 6L | 3.12 to 4.12 pt | 12 | Shuck split | |||
7 | Fontelis SC | 14 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
7 | Miravis | 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |||
9 | Scala SC | 9 lb (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) | 12 | 2 | |||
11 | Aframe | 12 to 15.5 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |||
11 | Flint Xtra | 3.8 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Good | ||
17 | Elevate 50WD |
1.5 lb (alone) 1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed) |
12 | 0 | |||
3, 7 | Luna Experience | 5 to 10 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Excellent | ||
3, 9 | Inspire Super | 16 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 2 | |||
3, 11 | Topguard EQ | 6 to 8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
7, 11 | Luna Sensation | 5 to 7.6 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Excellent | ||
7, 11 | Merivon | 4 to 6.7 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Excellent | ||
7, 11 | Pristine | 10.5 to 14.5 oz | 12 | 0 | |||
44 | Serifel Biofungicide | 4 to 16 oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
UN | BotryStop | 2 to 4 lb | 4 | 0 | OMRI |
DISEASE | FRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown rot | 1 |
Topsin M Topsin 4.5FL |
1 to 1.5 lb 20 to 30 fl oz |
48 | 1 | ||
2 | Meteor 4F | 1 to 2 pt | 24 | Petal fall | |||
2 | Rovral 4F | 1 to 2 pt | 24 | Petal fall | |||
3 | Indar 2F | 6 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Quash | 2.5 to 3.5 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
3 | Rally 40WSP | 2.5 5o 6 oz | 24 | 0 | |||
3 | Rhyme | 4 to 6.5 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
3 | Tilt | 4 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Cevya | 3 to 5 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
4 |
Captan 50W Captan 80WDG Captec 4L |
3 to 5 lb 1.9 to 3.1 lb 2 to 2.5 qt |
24 | 0 | |||
M5 |
Bravo WeatherStik Bravo Ultrex |
3 to 4 pt 2.8 to 38 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 |
Echo 720 Echo 90DF |
3 to 4 lb 2.35 to 3.5 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 | Oranil 6L | 3.12 to 4.12 pt | 12 | Shuck split | |||
7 | Fontelis SC | 14 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
7 | Miravis | 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz | 4 | 0 | Supplemental label | ||
9 | Scala SC | 9 fl oz (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) | 12 | 2 | |||
11 | Aframe | 12 to 15.5 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |||
11 | Flint Xtra | 3.8 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Good | ||
17 | Elevate 50WD |
1.5 lb (alone) 1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed) |
12 | 0 | |||
3, 7 | Luna Experience | 6 to 10 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Excellent | ||
3, 9 | Inspire Super | 16 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 2 | |||
3, 11 | Topguard EQ | 6 to 8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
7, 11 | Luna Sensation | 5 to 7.6 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Excellent | ||
7, 11 | Merivon | 4 to 6.7 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
7, 11 | Pristine | 10.5 to 14.5 oz | 12 | 0 | |||
44 | Serifel Biofungicide | 4 to 16 oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI |
PEST | IRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plum curculio | 1A |
Sevin XLR Sevin 4F |
2 to 3 qt | 12 | 3 | ||
1B | Imidan 70W | 2.1 to 4.25 lb | 7 day | 14 | |||
3A | Baythroid XL | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
4A | Actara | 4.5 to 5.5 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
21A | Apta | 21 to 27 fl oz | 12 | 14 | |||
22A | Avaunt | 5 to 6 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
28 | Exirel | 13.5 to 20.5 fl oz | 12 | 3 | Excellent | ||
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 6 | Gladiator EC | 19 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Good | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 28 | Voliam Xpress | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
4A, 15 | Cormoran | 20 to 28 oz | 12 | 8 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
4A, 28 | Voliam Flexi | 4 to 7 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
28, 6 | Minecto Pro | 10 to 12 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
Peachtree borer and Lesser peachtree borer |
Pheromone mating disrupters: Isomate PTB Dual |
150 to 250 ties | 0 | 0 | Excellent | OMRI. Hang pheromone traps to monior populations | |
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | |||
Tarnished plant bug | 3A | Asana XL | 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | |
3A | Baythroid XL | 2 to 2.4 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
3A | BotaniGard MAXX | 0.25 to 2 qt | 12 | 0 | Good | ||
3A | Warrior II | 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | ||
4A | Actara | 4.5 to 5.5 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
4A | Assail 30SG | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
9C | Beleaf 50SG | 2 to 2.8 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5 to 5.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 6 | Gladiator EC | 19 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | |||
UN | BotaniGard ES | 0.5 to 2 qt | 4 | 0 |
DISEASE | FRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown rot | 1 |
Topsin M Topsin 4.5FL |
1 to 1.5 lb 20 to 30 fl oz |
48 | 1 | ||
3 | Indar 2F | 6 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Quash | 2.5 to 3.5 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
3 | Rally 40WSP | 2.5 to 6 oz | 24 | 0 | |||
3 | Rhyme | 4 to 6.5 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
4 |
Captan 50WP Captan 80WDG Captec 4L |
3 to 5 lb 1.9 to 3.1 lb 2 to 2.5 qt |
24 | 0 | |||
M5 |
Bravo WeatherStik Bravo Ultrex |
3 to 4 pt 2.8 to 3.8 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 |
Echo 720 Echo 90DF |
3 to 4 lb 25 to 3.5 lb |
24 |
Shuck split |
|||
M5 | Oranil 6L | 3.12 to 4.12 pt | 12 | Shuck split | |||
7 | Fontelis SC | 14 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
9 | Scala SC |
9 fl oz (alone) 9 to 18 oz (tank mixed) |
12 | 2 | |||
11 | Aframe | 12 to 15.5 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |||
17 | Elevate 50WD |
1.5 lb (alone) 1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed) |
12 | 0 | |||
3, 7 | Luna Experience | 6 to 10 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Excellent | ||
3, 9 | Inspire Super | 16 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 2 | |||
3, 11 | Topguard EQ | 6 to 8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
7, 11 | Luna Sensation | 5 to 7.6 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Excellent | ||
7, 11 | Merivon | 4 to 6.7 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Excellent | ||
7, 11 | Pristine | 10.5 to 14.5 oz | 12 | 0 | |||
44 | Serifel Biofungicide | 4 to 16 oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
Peach Scab | 3 | Rally 40WSP | 2.5 to 6 oz | 24 | 0 | ||
4 |
Captan 50W Captan 80WDG Captec 4L |
3 to 5 lb 1.9 to 3.1 lb 2 to 2.5 qt |
24 | 0 | |||
M5 |
Bravo WeatherStik Bravo Ultrex |
3 to 4 pt 2.8 to 3.8 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 |
Echo 720 Echo 90DF |
3 to 4 lb 2.25 to 3.5 lb |
12 | Shuck split | |||
M5 | Oranil 6L | 3.12 to 4.12 pt | 12 | Shuck split | |||
7 | Fontelis | 14 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
11 | Aframe | 12 to 15.5 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |||
11 | Gem 500SC | 1.9 to 3.8 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Product discontinued. Use up inventory. | ||
11 | Flint Xtra | 2.5 to 3.8 fl oz | 12 | 1 | Excellent | ||
3, 7 | Luna Experience | 8 to 10 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3, 9 | Inspire Super | 16 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 2 | |||
3, 11 | Topguard EQ | 6 to 8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
7, 11 | Luna Sensation | 5 to 7.6 fl oz | 12 | 1 | |||
7, 11 | Pristine | 10.5 to 14.5 oz | 12 | 0 |
Pest | IRAC | Product | rate/acre | rei-hour | phi-day | efficacy | comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plum curculio | 1B | Imidan 70 W | 2.13 to 4.25 lb | 7 day | 14 | Excellent | |
3A | Baythroid XL | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 9 | Excellent | ||
4A | Actara | 4.5 to 5.5 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
22 | Avaunt 30 EDG | 5 to 6 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
28 | Exirel | 13.5 to 20.5 fl oz | 12 | 3 | Excellent | ||
3A, 6 | Gladiator EC | 19 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Good | ||
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | ||
4A, 3A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
4A, 28 | Volium Flexi | 6 to 7 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
28, 6 | Minecto Pro | 10 to 12 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Excellent |
DISEASE | FRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown rot | 1 |
Topsin M Topsin 4.5FL |
1 to 1.5 lb 20 to 30 fl oz |
48 | 1 | ||
3 | Indar 2F | 6 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Quash | 2.5 to 3.5 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
3 | Rally 40WSP | 2.5 to 6 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
3 | Rhyme | 4 to 6.5 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
3 | Tilt | 4 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3 | Cevya | 3 to 5 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
4 |
Captan 50WP Captan 80WDG Captec 4L |
3 to 5 lb 1.9 to 3.1 lb 2 to 2.5 qt |
24 | 0 | |||
7 | Fontelis SC | 14 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
7 | Miravis | 3.4 to 5.1 fl oz | 4 | 0 | Supplemental label | ||
9 | Scala SC | 9 fl oz (alone), 9 to 18 fl oz (tank mixed) | 12 | 2 | |||
11 | Aframe | 12 to 15.5 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |||
17 | Elevate 50WD |
1.5 lb (alone) 1 to 1.5 lb (tank mixed) |
12 | 0 | |||
3, 7 | Luna Experience | 6 to 10 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
3, 9 | Inspire Super | 16 to 20 fl oz | 12 | 2 | |||
3, 11 | Topguard EQ | 6 to 8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
7, 11 | Luna Sensation | 5 to 7.6 fl oz | 12 | 1 | |||
7, 11 | Merivon | 4 to 6.7 fl oz | 12 | 0 | |||
7, 11 | Pristine | 10.5 to 14.5 oz | 12 | 0 | |||
44 | Serifel Biofungicide | 4 to 16 oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
Powdery mildrew | UN | SulfoMEX | 3 to 6 pt | 24 | 0 | ||
3, 7 | Luna Experience | 6 to 10 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Excellent |
PEST | IRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European red mite, Twospotted spider mite | UN | Acramite 50WS | 0.75 1 lb | 12 | 3 | ||
UN | Banter SC | 12 to 16 fl oz | 12 | 3 | 1 application per year | ||
UN | Des-X | 2% vol | 12 | 0 | OMRI | ||
UN | PFR-97 | 1 to 2 lb | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
UN | AzaGuard | 10 to 16 fl oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
6 | Agri-Mek | 2.2 to 4.2 fl oz | 12 | 21 | |||
10 | Apollo 4SC | 2 to 8 oz | 12 | 21 | Excellent | ||
10A | Onager OPTEK | 12 to 24 oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
10B | Zeal 72WS | 2 to 3 oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
20D | Banter WDG | 0.75 to 1 lb | 12 | 3 | 1 application per year | ||
21A | Nexter SC | 7.5 to 17 oz | 12 | 7 | All motile stages | ||
21A | Portal | 2 pt | 12 | 365 | Excellent | Non-bearing only | |
23 | Envidor 2SC | 16 to 18 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
25 | Nealta | 13.7 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |||
3A, 6 | Gladiator EC | 19 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Good |
Best used when multiple pests are present |
|
21A, 39 | Magister SC | 32 to 36 oz | 12 | 3 | Excellent | All motile stages | |
28, 6 | Minecto Pro | 8 to 12 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Good | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
Japanese beetle | 1A |
Sevin XLR Sevin 4F |
2 to 3 qt | 12 | 3 | Excellent | |
1B | Imidan 70W | 2.1 to 4.25 lb | 7 day | 14 | Excellent | ||
4A | Admire Pro | 1.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 0 | Good | ||
4A | Assail 30SG | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
28 | Exirel | 13.5 to 20.5 fl oz | 12 | 3 | Excellent | ||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5 to 5.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 28 | Voliam Xpress | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
28, 6 | Minecto Pro | 10 to 12 gl oz | 12 | 21 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
UN | Molt-X | 8 to 10 fl oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
Scale: Lecanium, San Jose | UN | AzaGuard | 10 to 16 fl oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | |
UN | Des-X | 2% vol | 12 | 0 | OMRI | ||
UN | Grandevo DF | 3 lb | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
UN | Venerate XC | 1 to 8 qt | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
NC | SuffOil-X | 1 to 2% by volume | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
4A | Assail 30SG | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 7 | Good | ||
7C | Esteem 35WP | 4 to 5 oa | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
16 | Centaur 0.7WDG | 34.5 to 46 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
23 | Movento SC | 6 to 9 fl oz | 24 | 7 | Excellent | ||
4A, 3A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Good | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
23, 7C | Senstar | 12 to 18 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Do not apply until after petal fall | ||
Oriental fruit moth |
Pheromone mating disrupters: Isomate CM/OFM TT Isomate OFM TT |
200 to 350 dispensers
100 to 300 dispensers
|
0 | 0 | Excellent | OMRI. Hang pheromone traps to monitor pest populations | |
UN | Grandevo | 1 to 3 lb | 4 | 0 | Good | OMRI | |
UN | Madex HP | 0.5 to 3 oz | 4 | 0 | Good | OMRI | |
UN | Venerate | 1 to 4 qt | 4 | 0 | Good | OMRI | |
1A |
Sevin SLR Plus Sevin 4F |
2 to 3 qt | 12 | 3 | Good | ||
3A | Asana XL | 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz | 12 | 14 | Good | ||
3A | Baythroid XL | 2 to 2.4 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Good | ||
3A | Danitol 2.4EC | 10.7 to 21.3 fl oz | 24 | 3 | Good | ||
3A | Warrior II | 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Good | ||
4A | Assail 30SG | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
5 | Delegate 25WG | 6 to 7 oz | 4 | 14 | Excellent | ||
5 | Entrust 80WP | 1.25 to 2.5 oz | 4 | 14 | Good | OMRI | |
11 | Deliver | 0.5 to 2 lb | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
15 | Rimon 0.83EC | 20 to 40 fl oz | 12 | 8 | |||
18 | Intrepid 2F | 10 to 16 fl oz | 4 | 7 | |||
22A | Avaunt 30WDG | 6 oz | 12 | 14 | |||
28 | Altacor 35WDG | 3 to 4.5 oz | 4 | 10 | Excellent | ||
28 | Exirel | 10 to 20.5 fl oz | 12 | 3 | Excellent | ||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5 to 5.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 6 | Gladiator EC | 19 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Good | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 28 | Voliam Xpress | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
4A, 3A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
4A, 15 | Cormoran | 20 to 28 oz | 12 | 8 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
4A, 28 | Voliam Flexi | 4 to 7 oz | 12 | 14 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
28, 6 | Minecto Pro | 8 to 12 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
Peachtree borer, Lesser peachtree borer | UN | Isomate PTB Dual | 150 to 250 dispensers | 0 | 0 | Excellent | |
3A | Asana XL | 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
3A | Baythroid XL | 1.4 to 2 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
3A | Warrior II | 1.3 to 2.6 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | ||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5 to 5.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 28 | Voliam Xpress | 6 to 12 oz | 24 | 14 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
4A, 15 | Cormoran | 20 to 28 fl oz | 12 | 8 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
UN | Molt-X | 8 to 10 fl oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
UN | AzaGuard | 10 to 16 fl oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
Spotted wing drosophila | 1B | Diazinon AG500 | 1 pt/100 | 4 day | 21 | Good | |
1B | Imidan 70W | 2.1 to 4.25 lb | 7 day | 14 | Excellent | ||
1B | Malathion 5EC | 2 pt | 12 | 6 | Good | ||
3 | Lambda-Cy EC | 2.5 to 5.1 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Good/Exc | ||
3A | Asana XL | 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
3A | Baythroid XL | 2.4 to 2.8 oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
3A | Danitol 2.4EC | 10.6 to 21.3 fl oz | 24 | 3 | Excellent | ||
3A | Mustang Maxx | 4 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
3A | Pyganic | 1 pt to 2 qt | 12 | 0 | Poor | OMRI | |
4A | Admire Pro | 1.4 to 2.8 oz | 12 | 0 | Good | ||
4A | Assail 30SG | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 7 | Fair/Good | ||
5 | Delegate | 6 to 7 oz | 4 | 14 | Good/Exc | ||
5 | Entrust SC | 4 to 8 fl oz | 4 | 14 | Good | OMRI | |
28 | Exirel | 13.5 to 20.5 oz | 12 | 3 | Excellent | ||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5.5 to 6 fl oz | 24 | 7 | Good | ||
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
28, 6 | Minecto Pro | 10 to 12 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Excellent | ||
UN | Grandevo | 2 to 3 lb | 4 | 0 | Poor | OMRI | |
UN | Surround | 25 to 50 lb | 4 | 0 | Suppression only | OMRI | |
UN | BioCeres WP | 1 to 3 lbs | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
Stink bugs including Brown Marmorated stink bug | 3A | Asana XL | 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz | 12 | 14 | Good | |
3A | Baythroid XL | 2 to 2.4 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Good | ||
3A | Danitol 2.4EC | 10.7 to 21.3 fl oz | 24 | 3 | Good | ||
3A | Warrior II | 1.28 to 2.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Good | ||
4A | Actara 25WDG | 4.5 to 5.5 oz | 12 | 14 | Good | ||
15 | Rimon 0.83EC | 20 to 40 fl oz | 12 | 8 | |||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5 to 5.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 6 | Gladiator | 19 fl oz | 12 | 21 | Good | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 28 | Voliam Xpress | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Good | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
4A, 15 | Cormoran | 20 to 28 oz | 12 | 8 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
4A, 28 | Voliam Flexi | 6 to 7 fl oz | 12 | 14 | Good | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
UN | Aza-Direct | 1 to 3.5 pt | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
Tarnished plant bug | 3A | Asana XL | 4.8 to 14.5 fl oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | |
3A | Baythroid XL | 2 to 2.4 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
3A | BotaniGard MAXX | 0.25 to 2 qt | 12 | 0 | Use in spray mixture at pH 5.5-7.0. Spray to wet but avoid runoff | ||
3A | Danitol 2.4EC | 10.7 to 21.3 fl oz | 24 | 3 | Excellent | ||
3A | Warrior II | 1.3 to 2.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Excellent | ||
4A | Actara | 4.5 to 5.5 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | 35-day PHI for apple and pear. | |
4A | Assail 30SG | 5.3 to 8 oz | 12 | 7 | Good | ||
9 | Beleaf 50SG | 2 to 2.8 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | ||
3A, 4A | Endigo ZC | 5 to 5.5 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
3A, 4A | Leverage 360 | 2.4 to 2.8 fl oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3, 28 | Besiege | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 12 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
3A, 28 | Voliam Xpress | 6 to 12 fl oz | 24 | 14 | Best used when multiple pests are present | ||
4A, 28 | Voliam Flexi | 4 to 7 oz | 12 | 14 | Excellent | Best used when multiple pests are present | |
UN | BotaniGard ES | 0.5 to 2 qt | 4 | 0 |
PEST | IRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | PHI-days | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European red mite, Two spotted spider mite | 10A | Onager OPTEK | 12 to 24 oz | 12 | 7 | Eggs & immature motile mites | |
21A | Nexter SC | 7.5 to 17 oz | 12 | 7 | Excellent | ||
21A, 39 | Magister SC | 32 to 36 oz | 12 | 3 | Excellent | All motile stages | |
UN | AzaGuard | 10 to 16 fl oz | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
NC | SuffOil-X | 1 to 2% by volume | 4 | 0 | OMRI | ||
Phythophthora rots | 33 | Prophyt | 2 pt | 4 | 0 | Excellent |
DISEASE | FRAC | Product | Rate/100 gal | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|
Storage rots | 12 | Scholar SC | 16 fl oz |
DISEASE | FRAC | Product | Rate/Acre | REI-hours | EFFICACY | COMMENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacterial canker | M1 | Champ WG | 5 to 8 lb | 48 | Excellent | OMRI |
M1 | Cuprofix Ultra | 5 to 7 lb | 48 | Excellent | ||
M1 | Kocide 2000 | 6 to 12 lb | 48 | Excellent | ||
M1 | Kocide 3000 | 3.5 to 7 lb | 48 | Excellent | ||
M1 | other organic products | OMRI | ||||
UN | pHorcepHite | 2 to 4 qt | 4 |