Weed management

In-row weed control is maintained/supplemented by use wood chips or mechanical cultivation.
A weed survey is conducted, recorded, and updated with weed problems noted on orchard block maps.
Herbicide rate, selection and spot applications are based on the results of the weed survey.
Herbicides are rotated base on mode of action in order to avoid herbicide resistance development.
Herbicides are banded only in the crop row and a seeded ground cover is used in the row.
Clean herbicide strips are maintained where young trees on dwarf rootstocks susceptible to dogwood borer infestation.
Orchard middles are mowed frequently to prevent flowering groundcover, reduce vole/rabbit habitat, and prevent weeds from going to seed.