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  • Fencing is used to exclude deer from the orchard.
  • Mowing is frequent, weeds and grass are not allowed to grow in the tree row, and orchard blocks are not planted close to wild field edges in order to minimize rodent cover and maximize distance to habitat.
  • A monitoring program for voles is conducted to determine the need for rodenticides.
  • Where rodenticides are applied, bait stations, rather than broadcast treatments, are used.
  • Wire mouse guards are used where vole pressure is high and/or other measures are not used to reduce the likelihood of vole damage.